330 TRANSACTIONS OF THE HORTICULTURAL 



for doing this work and treatment of wounds, same as above. 

 Time for removing water-sprouts or suckers, and for heading 

 back irregular shoots, June. 



Now, if you don't succeed in apple culture after following 

 these hints and directions, you have permission to quit the 

 business. 



DISCUSSION. 



L. R. Bryant — I think when you cut off large limbs from 

 orchard trees the wound should be covered with wax, paint or 

 something to prevent the tree rotting. 



L. Woodard — I have found if trees are trimmed at the proper 

 season of the year, the wood will heal over without rotting. If 

 they are cut when the sap will ooze out and keep the end of the 

 wood wet, it will of course rot ; and if it is waxed over so the 

 wood does not dry out, it will also rot. 



J. V. Cotta — I think if you give the wound time to air-dry be- 

 fore applying the wax, paint, or other covering you will have no 

 difficulty with rotting. 



Mr. Kleindsmid — I always make sure to get good roots on my 

 trees and see that they are properly pruned, leaving the ends 

 smooth and making the cut so it will be on the down side. 



BEST NEW APPLE, AND BEST WAY TO PROPAGATE IT. 



BY D. J. PIPEE, FORBESTON. 



Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen, of the Horticultural So- 

 ciety of Northern Illinois: 



As my subject is "The Best New Apple" we should try and 

 find the best way to propagate and grow it. I have been experi- 

 menting in growing apples for more than thirty-six years. 



I have root-grafted different varieties of the apple with fair 

 success for quite a number of years until 1885, and then came 

 the first draw-back ; when I lost some of my root -grafted trees by 

 freezing. We then set windbreaks of willow, lombardy poplar 

 and locust, which are good for the summer season, yet this 

 windbreak did not prevent my trees from freezing. Some years 

 later I visited Mr. Cotta's place and found a good windbreak 

 around his young orchard then in fine condition, but a few years 

 later he lost more heavily than I had in the root-grafted trees. 

 This loss of apple orchards in 1882 appeared to be a general 

 complaint, and about that time I lost both old and young trees, 

 except of the Whitney and Duchess. Previous to the last named 



