362 TRANSACTIONS OF THE HORTICULTURAL 



green sward sweeping round the edge, as though leading to 

 beauties as yet unseen. Avoid tameness in the arrangement of 

 groups; the outline should range from a graceful curve to a bold 

 point or a deep recess. Occasionally, a fine specimen maybe left 

 to stand alone in the lawns or open spaces, or from some point 

 to give greater boldness to its outline. 



Should the trees be bare of foliage on the outline (as thickly 

 grown forest trees are apt to be) the effect can be removed by 

 planting low-growing trees and shrubbery in front of defective 

 spots. 



One of the natural features of the spot may be a rocky glen or 

 ravine, with possibly a trickling rill or rippling brook in the 

 bottom. We will suppose its sides and top here and there 

 clothed with beeches and maples, or the tulip tree, while on the 

 rocky faces, the white birch mingles with the juniper or the 

 Scotch pine; for the undergrowth, we have the red-bud, the 

 Florida dog-wood, and many others equally beautiful. 



The top of yonder rock, though sparse of soil, seems to be a 

 home for the Houstonia, while from a seam in its face hangs a 

 clump of the nine barks. Clematis is here, too, accompanied 

 by the pink cone flower and the Campanula ; lower down in the 

 moisture revel the Maiden-hair and Shield ferns. That pillow 

 of polypod indicates where a fallen limb is mouldering. Nature 

 seems to need no assistance here, yet a delicate hand may 

 strengthen and add in the direction that it points. 



Should the ground selected for a park be flat and bare of nat- 

 ural beauty, the tameness may be relieved by artificial eleva- 

 tions; gentle undulations are preferable, No such incongruity 

 should be attempted as the imitation of the picturesque or 

 grand; such efforts will fail from puerility. 



The undulating character of the ground may be apparently 

 heightened in effect by planting as much as possible on the 

 elevations. In forming undulated ground, the designer should 

 aid to produce the same effect as intended by the ideas pre- 

 viously expressed on the grouping of trees. 



On ground of this nature, the formation of an artificial lake is 

 of great assistance, the excavated material being available for 

 the forming of undulations, aside from the natural beauty of 

 water tastefully introduced into the landscape. 



Avoid tameness in the line of the shore; make a sweeping bay 

 here, and a bold promontory there. Off from a promontory or 

 a point, an island may be introduced, which will add to the 

 boldness of the effect. From any one point of vision, the eye 

 must be led to believe that more remains to be seen, a belief 

 which will be verified by a change in the position of the 

 observer. 



The elevations of the banks of the lake should approach in 

 character the nature of the surroundings, occasionally relieve 



