LIST OF FIGURES 



Frontispiece. Head of Dinichthys. 



FIG. PAGE 



I, 2. Moving fishes, shark and 



eel 2 



3. Spanish mackerel .... 3 



4. Front view of Spanish 



mackerel 4 



5-8. Numerical lines of fishes . 5 



9-12. Gills of fishes . . .17, 259 



13-19. Air-bladder . . . .22, 265 



20-31. Teeth and scales ... 24 



32-38. Fin spines 29 



39-43. Unpaired fins . . . 32, S3 



44-48. Caudal fin 37 



49-54. Paired fins 42 



55-60. Barbels and sense organs 47 



61-68. Mucous canals . . . 50 

 69. General anatomy of Cyclo- 



stome 5^ 



69 A. Skeleton of lamprey . . . 58 

 70-72 A-D. Bdellostoma, Myx- 



ine, Petromyzon . . 60, 61 



Palteospondylus 65 



Pteraspis 66 



Pal?easpis ... .... 66 



76, 77. Plates of Pteraspis ... 66 



78, 79. Cephalaspis 66 



80-82. Pterichthys 68 



83. General anatomy of shark . 73 



84. Skeleton of shark . . .75, 255 



85. Vertebrce of shark .... 76 



86. 86 a. Cladoselache .... 79 

 86 B. Teeth of Cladoselache . . 80 



87. Acanthodes 81 



88. Acanthodes, shagreen ... 81 

 88 a. Acanthodes, teeth ... 82 



89. Climatius 82 



73- 

 74- 



FIG. PAGE 



90. Pleuracanthus S^ 



90 A. Teeth of Pleuracanthus . 84 



90 B. Headroof of Pleuracanthus 84 



91. Cestracion 85 



92. Chlamydoselache .... 87 



93. Heptanchus 88 



94. Squalus 89 



95. Alopias 89 



96. Lamna 90 



96 A. Cetorhinus 90 



96 B. Laemargus 91 



97. Squatina 91 



98. 98 A. Pristis 92 



99. Pristiophorus 93 



00. Rhinobatis 93 



01. Raja 94 



02. Torpedo 95 



02 A. Dicerobatis (Cephalop- 



tera) 96 



03. Shark phylogeny .... 98 



04. General anatomy of Chimaera 100 



05. Skeleton of Chimsera . . 102 



05 A. Ischyodus 104 



06. Myriacanthus 105 



06 A. Squaloraja 105 



06 B, c. Derm plates of Myria- 

 canthus 105 



07-112. Dental plates of Chimse- 



roids 106 



13-116A. Spines and claspers 



of Chimairoids .... 107 



17. Harriotta 108 



18. Callorhynchus 109 



19. Chimaera no 



20. Chimcera, young . . . .ill 



2 1 . General anatomy of lung-fish 1 1 7 



xui 



