XXXIV CARNEGIE INSTITUTION 



builders had apparently archaic potter}-, no metals, slight knowledge 

 of stone implements, and probably wooden weapons. The people 

 were settled and had the domestic horse, cow, pig, sheep, and goat. 

 Many of these seats of early dwelling seem to have become in time 

 eminences upon which arose fortresses, or to have become the cita- 

 dels of towns growing up around them. Thus the)' probably contain 

 the continuous record of the development of the civilizations of the 

 region from a very remote antiquit}' down to historic times. 



The reconnaissance work of Professor Davis, Mr. Huntington, and 

 R. W. Pumpelly has shown the former existence of several glacial 

 epochs, and has made much progress in correlating these with the 

 progress of prehistoric physical events in the building of the plains 

 and the expansions of the former Aralo-Caspian seas. Their ob- 

 ser^'^ations give reason to hope that further stud)^ will correlate these 

 physical events with important phases of human development in 

 connection with Asiatic and European history. 



Geophysics. 



Frank D. Adams, McGill University, Montreal, Can. Grant No. 4. 

 For invcstigati7ig the floiv of rocks. $2,500. 



Professor Adams has been engaged for some 3'ears past in an 

 experimental investigation into the nature of the movements set up 

 during the folding and deformation of the rocks of the earth's crust. 



Abstract of Report. — Dr. Adams reports that McGill University 

 has provided for his use in carrying on the investigation on the flow 

 of rocks a large room in the basement of the new chemical building 

 of the University-. In this room he has installed the apparatus he 

 formed)^ had and ordered a third and much more powerful hydraulic 

 press, by which pressure up to 1 20 tons may be secured and main- 

 tained, if necessary, for weeks at a time. Ample provision has been 

 made in the installation of the new hydraulic press, looking to the 

 possibility of the extension of the plant in its adaptation to the most 



varied experimental uses. 



On the completion of the installation Dr. Adams commenced the 



investigation of high differential pressures on dolomites from Mar}'- 



land, Massachusetts, and the Province of Quebec. It was found 



that at ordinary temperatures these dolomites could be made to flow 



in the same manner as in the case of the pure Carrara marble. He 



is now carrying on experiments to ascertain the effect of heat upon 



the flow of dolomite. In order to compare the effects produced at high 



