98 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 



mutual belonging indicated by the so-called copula ; in any such 

 analysis the remaider may force the one idea to maintain this 

 mutual belonging by self-adaptation. That is, to any element of 

 a thought the remainder may be a restrictive predicate ; or, in 

 other words, any thought-element may be restricted by the total 

 of its fellows : 



In illustration, suppose that a given orange is larger than a 

 given lemon. Were I to analyze my thought historically ; were 

 I, that is, to regard the method of its actual development, I 

 might very well find that I had seen first the orange; that I 

 had next observed the lemon; that I had, in passing from the 

 one to the other, been conscious of a difference or relation ex- 

 pressed in "The orange exceeds the lemon.'' That is, my analy- 

 sis would develop three factors, an orange, a lemon, and a quan- 

 titative relation. But I can, no doubt, re-analyze this thought 

 into a pair of parts related merely as the mutual complements 

 of one whole. In so doing I may elect either of my three orig- 

 inal terms as one part and regard the others as its complement, 

 my analyses taking the follo^^dng forms : 



Oranere — exceeds lemon. 

 Exceeds — orange, lemon. 

 Lemon — orans^e exceeds. 



Also any chosen part may be noted as adapting itself to the 

 requirements of the others. Thus, 



The orange must be of such a size that it will exceed the lemon. 



The excess must be such that it will suit the lemon and the 

 orange. 



The lemon must be of such a size that the orange will exceed it. 



In other words, the orange, the excess and the lemon may be 

 successively determined, each by the total of its fellows. 



The determination of a relation, sav that of excess, bv this 

 method is not, to my knowledge, directly accomplished in speech. 

 I may indeed make use of such an expression as '^^The plum ex- 

 ceeds the cherry to the degree in which the orange exceeds the 

 lemon." But I do not use a relation simultaneouslv as factor 

 of two thoughts, for the purpose of letting the use in one thought 

 fit it for use in the other. That is, I do not use expressions of 



