112 Wisco72sin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 



of horses.'' But, in yet more amplified restrictive conceptions, 

 I feel the positive need of a full sentential structure. To illus- 

 trate, 'The man who, expecting to find him absent, called on my 

 greatly esteemed guest this afternoon, with his son, in order to 

 square his social account without the loss of time involved in a 

 personal meeting, has lost my good opinion." In this example 

 the primary elements of my adjunctive thought are expressed 

 by ''man" (of which the second function is indicated by "who"), 

 "called on" and "guest." What-ever be then the multitude of 

 further, secondary elements, in dealing with them I have the 

 great advantage of three visible terms, among which I can ap- 

 portion their government; while, even if I could replace these 

 three by an adjective, I should be left Avith but a single term 

 available for governing purposes, namely the adjective itself. 

 Generalizing, I may then say that the relative clause has this 

 advantage over tantamount expressions, that in it the labor of 

 marshallinc: reinforcements is divided anions: three terms. 



Of these three terms moreover the verb, I think, is the most 

 competent ; that is, it can handle more adjuncts and more effect- 

 ively than either its subject or its object. It also has uncom- 

 mon instructional powers, showing by its number and person 

 what is its subject, and indicating by its modal inflection its 

 own function as term or adjimct.-^ Incidentally, too, as a sin- 

 gle word, it can express more ideas than any other sentence-ele- 

 ment: it adds to its fundamental meaning, by mere inflection, 

 useful accessories such as time (in the sense of either Zeit or 

 Mai), and such as initiation, continuance, or completion; also 

 it chooses by its voice between the proverse and reverse aspects 

 of the same relation.- 



It appears accordingly that, when a sentential increment is 

 small in bulk and simple in structure, almost any one of the 

 tantamount adjunctive expressions is adequate; but, when the 

 bulk and complexity of the increment imperil its structural clear- 

 ness, relief is sought in a form of adjunctive expression, in 

 which all the powers of speech may be exploited, that is, in the 



1 Compare "amat," *'(ut) amet," and "(qui) amet." 



^Thus in "Homo occidit urgum" "occidit" shows relation to be that of slayer 

 to victim, while "occiditur" would show relation to be that of victim to slayer. 



