52 Wisconsm Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 



my orchard were barreled with those of the neighboring farmers." I 

 have in this sentence used, to be sure, not the reinstative, but the 

 much more immediate coinstative. But obviously the apples suggested 

 by "those" may be a very indiscriminate lot. The restrictive force of my 

 epithet "carefully selected" has been dissipated. It appears then, that 

 if I wish to subject an idea used in one environment to the restriction 

 of another environment, I must, to be sure of my purpose, put the idea. 

 in both environments at once. If I dress up an idea for a verbal party 

 and then let it loose to play with chance companions, I may hardly hope 

 that, when the party begins, my idea will be presentable. It is safer 

 lo extend the cares of the dressing-room upon the scene of the party 

 itself. That is, the common factor is made simultaneous. 



It is obviously with simultaneous factors that relatives 

 are employed, as in the form, "I have a book which will please 

 yon." Two symbols, being however associated with the same 

 idea, Grammar makes the facile assumption that the idea is twice 

 thought. To prepare the way for showing what actually hap- 

 pens I take up next the 



XI. DOUBLE FUNCTION OF THE SIMULTANEOUS FACTOE. 



Though thought but once, the simultaneous factor has a mis- 

 sion, a part to play, in each of the thoughts of which it is a 

 member ; and this part is what I mean by its function. Thus, 

 in ^^I have a book you will like," ^^book" is at the same time 

 last term in ^^I have a book" and in ''you will like a book." In 

 ^'Here is a book will please you," "book" is first term in either 

 thought. In "I have a book will please you," "book" is last 

 term in one thought and first term in the other, or, in gram- 

 matical parlance, object in one case and subject in the other. 



The embarrassment likely to arise, when the two functions of 

 the simultaneous factor are not the same, suggests some com- 

 ment on 



XII. THE CONVENIENCE OF INDICATING FUNCTION. 



This is considerable, even wdien function is single. To il- 

 lustrate, using the poetical order, to avoid the hints afforded 

 by usual order, suppose I say that "George the dragon slew." 

 You cannot be sure whether George slew the dragon or the 

 dragon slew George, unless you have some means of information 



