Owen — Be vision of Pronouns. 29 



reinstate by ^^They" the idea initially expressed by ^^The". The 

 further reinstatement of what was sncwsted bv "Browns" is 

 merely so much ordinary multiple symbolization. Again, if my 

 answer be ^"Those Browns are gTeat travellers", the reinstativo 

 action of "Those" appears to be conlined to what was expressed 

 by "The." My example however suffers now in cogency from 

 the fact that Grammar commonlv fails to note the vicarious and 

 therefore strictly pronominal value of "Those." 



The reinstated idea is often primarily verbal. For instance, 

 "He said that he hurried. But he never did it in his life." 



That the verbal adjective or 'participle should also be rein- 

 stated is a foregone conclusion. Thus "Hurrying people are 

 subject to accident. You needn't worry about Brown ; he never 

 does that (or t^)." 



The verbal substantive or gerund is also subject to recaU. 

 Thus : "Brown's hurrying caused his accident. He is not 

 often guilty of that (or i^)." 



The vicarious presentation, in substantive function, of an idea 

 initially adverbial is less common and should perhaps be noted 

 merely as a possibility. Thus, "Brown is v^alking very rapidly. 

 That (or it) does not often characterize his movements." 



Much the same may be said of ideas initially prepositional. 

 Their reinstatement in substantive function may be illustrated 

 as follows. Suppose you ask me, "Is Brown in the house or in 

 the barn ?" I may answer, "He is that (or it) in respect to 

 neither." Thus guarded, my statement seems to bar the appli- 

 cation of "that" to any other idea than -what was expressed 

 bv "in. " 



To reinstate an interjection by a recognized pronoun seems 

 a rather unlikely feat ; yet it is performed at least with quasi 

 success. For instance, speaking of a notorious public enemy, 

 suppose you say: "Alas! He is dead." I answer: ''That 

 is not my feeling." 



Conjunctions are unfortunately much confused with preposi- 

 tions and adverbs ; I think, however, that I respect grammatical 

 opinion in giving the conjunctive rank to the word "but" in the 

 following illustration. Meeting me in the guest-room before a 

 dinner, you remark: "Miss X. is to be here. But I have 



