26 W{sco7isin Academy of Sciences, Arts^ and Letters. 



ter of Brown to be insane". Differentiating by another figure 

 of speeclij I may say that ''He'' pulls out a single stone from 

 previous thought-masonry, to use it in succeeding structure. 

 "It"j on the other hand, cuts from previous thought-masonry a 

 section made ujd of several stones and moves it in block, without 

 disintegration, into a succeeding structure. 



VI. THEIK FIDELITY TO THE PEIXCIPAL. 



By this I mean the exactness with which the proxy repre- 

 duces the idea suggested by the principal, either in extent (that 

 is, its quantitative aspect) or in content (that is, its qualitative 

 aspect). Fidelity, in other words, may have to do with either 

 number (or bulk) or kind. Confining examination to the for- 

 mer as more tangible and as showing all the variations found in 

 the latter, I note that the strictly faithful proxy presents an idea 

 in the same nmnerical aspect as its principal. Thus, having 

 said that ^'I just met three soldiers'', if I add that ^^They were 

 in uniform", you assume that I mean the original three, no more 

 and no less. Such vicarious service may be known as complete 

 or equivalent. 



The vicarious word, however, sometimes augments the scope 

 of its principal. Thus, ^'I saw a tiger yesterday. In fact I 

 have seen a great many of them.'' ''A tiger" distinctly contem- 

 plates a single animal. "Them" reinstates this individual, but 

 adds thereto the remainder of the species. ^ Such uses of vicari- 

 ous words may be kno\\m as excessive or augmentive. 



The vicarious word on the other hand may diminish the scope 

 of its principal. Thus, ''Birds are bipeds. Tliey have been 

 known to be also bicephalous." By "Birds" all individuals of 

 the order are plainly intended. "They," however, includes as- 

 suredly some birds only. Again, "'Brown ovei^slept. I expected 

 he would do that." "That" reinstates the idea of oversleeping, 

 but not the idea of past time or the personal belief (assertion) 

 expressed by "overslept". Vicarious w^ords of this sort may be 

 known as incomplete or reductive. 



. . . — - ... - ■ - — ■ < 



1 Again " I just met Brown. His son is- ill." "His" reinstates "Brown" and does 

 this business accurately ; but at the same time " His " goes into business on its own ac- 

 count, presenting initiatively an idea of say possession, expressible by "of." As thus 

 presenting more ideas than its principal, " His" also may be ranked as in a sense aug- 

 mentive. 



