Buckley — Ice Ramparts. 147 



Beginning at the east end of the bay, a single fold was devel- 

 oped which extended uninterruptedly for a distance of one hun- 

 dred yards. Twenty-five yards from the west end of this fold 

 two other folds were formed, parallel to the first. These were 

 normal folds, having limbs dipping at angles of 71° south and 

 50° north. The largest of these folds, of which one-half was 

 destroyed by a sharp re-entrant angle, is shown in Plate XI. 

 The radius of this fold was five feet, and the length of the por- 

 tion, which is sho^vn in the figure, measured fifty feet. When 

 first observed the fold was normal ; but later in the season it be- 

 came slightly overturned, as shown in the illustration. The dip 

 of the south limb was 73° south, and that of the north limb 55° 

 north. The arch w^as hollow^ and the limbs had a thickness of 

 about twelve or fifteen inches. 



The main fold continued west for about 375 paces and then 

 died out. Xear the middle of this fold, and outside of it, a sec- 

 ond fold was developed, which had a length of about thirty-five 

 or forty yards. At the east end, these folds were so near to- 

 gether that they almost coalesced. Toward the w^est they di- 

 verged until they were about fifteen feet apart, measured from 

 crest to crest. The small outer ridge was normal, each of the 

 limbs being symmetrical Avith respect to the axial plane. The 

 fold nearest the shore w^as overthrust at the east end, having 

 limbs dipping 49° north and 79° north. As it was followed 

 west, the form changed until it had the characters of a normal 

 and then of an underthrust fold. That portion of the fold 

 which was parallel and adjacent to the second fold was normal, 

 having limbs which dipped, respectively, 85° north and 50° 

 south. The limbs of the underthrust portion of the fold 

 dipped respectively, 65° south and 50° south, also 55° south 

 and 75° south. The limbs of the overthrust portion at the west 

 end dipped, respectively, 55° north and 75° north. The promi- 

 nent underthrust and overthrust sections of the main fold each 

 continued for a distance of about fifty feet. 



The main fold was fractured along the entire length of its 

 crest, while numerous less conspicuous fractures occurred across 

 the fold at various intervals throughout its entire length. These 

 fractures w^ere all so sharply defined that they had much the 

 appearance of having been cut with a huge knife. 



