Smith — The Lead Region of Iowa. 227 



It was found impossible to separate Dubuque and Julien, and 

 so tliev were both omitted in one case and included in the other. 

 Dubuque had such an enormous increase in population from 

 causes other than the lead trade that if it were included, the 

 tables of population por square mile would not correctly repre- 

 sent the actual situation. From the table it is seen that the 

 population in Group I grew very slowly from 1850 to 1880. 

 We knovr that the lead industry was on the decline during the 



For map of Iowa, see plate XXI, p. 213. 



witn some aegree oi cerLainiy ijuiat ix lu uau. i±v^u iLf^:;^^^ ^^/x u^jiv. 

 city of Dubuque, the lead area as a whole would show a much 

 greater decline in population. The population of the inter- 

 mediate or middle area, seems to have been an unstable one. 

 The population per square mile in 1860 was greater than it 

 was at any subsequent time until 1880, after which there came 

 another decline. This may be attributed to the war and also 

 to the exhaustion of the lead mines of this region. The mines 

 in this middle .'^irea were not very numerous nor were they par- 

 ticularly rich in mineral, so that they were not opened till the 

 mines in the most productive region had all been opened, and 

 in many cases worked out. The mines of the middle area w^ere, 

 therefore, soon exhausted and this fact, combined with the 

 breaking out of the war in 1860, caused the moving of many 

 families from these regions. Then later came the impetus 

 toward agriculture and a slight rise in population; but there 

 were better lands not far distant, so that the population did not 

 long remain at its high stage, but rapidly declined. 



Group III, our non lead producing area, was settled rapidly 

 and rose suddenly in population during the period of 1860-75. 

 At this time there seems to have been a slight decline, but in 

 1895 it had fully recovered and stood first. 



Population and wealth go together. We have prepared a 



