378 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences^ Arts, and Letters. 



we share bread — as comrade is one with whom w^ share a 

 chamber or camera. Pantler is the name in Cymbeline (ii. 3,. 

 129) for one who has charge of a pantry. In regard to enter- 

 tainment and rooms for it, the Latin for stranger, hospes, is^ 

 mother of host, entertainer of strangers, hostel or hotel, the house 

 where they are entertained, 7^05p^/a? for sick strangers, 7i05p?ce for 

 pilgrim strangers, ostler one who cares for horses of strangers,, 

 and so on. 



But we have perhaps kept within doors too long. In walking 

 abroad from a house points of compass arrest our attention. 

 They all owe their names to positions of the sun East is his- 

 position at rising, a word related to yeast, hoist and oust, and 

 giving a name to Easter — the rising again of the Crucified 

 Christ. Just the same is the meaning of the word orient and 

 Levant in Latin. West is where the sun wasteth, analogous- 

 to Occident which is Latin for falling off. South — midway be- 

 tween east and west, — comes either from seethe where he i& 

 boiling hot, or from sunth where the sun is most himself and 

 sunneth. Meridian, meaning mid-day, defines his position 

 then: "sitting in his meridian tower." Noon means ninth, 

 and originally signified the ninth hour from six in the morning 

 when day began. In those days ami;liing eaten before three 

 in the afternoon broke a fast day. But the food of hungry 

 f asters was served up very promptly and more and more so, till 

 minute by minute three hours were subtracted from fasts and 

 noon became synonymous with mid-day. A noon-nap is called 

 siesta = sixth, because taken at that hour. Daivn comes from 

 day, and is a contract of dayening. North is a word of disputed 

 origin. Some hold it to be he narroweth, because the sun at 

 his northing has a shorter course than elsewhere. Another 

 meaning assigned to north is left-hand because we see the sun 

 on that hand whenever in orienteering we face the east, as was 

 anciently the universal custom. A survival from this primeval 

 usage is the word orienteer which is to find which w'ay east 

 lies — or our easting. Orisons are morning prayers, when the 

 sun is in the orient. 



Churches have usually been so orienteered that in entering 

 them we face the east, that is, the rising sun of righteousness, 

 and many words descriptive of churches must be misunderstood 



