The Cultivation of Orchards. 311 



' 'A year ago last June I procured a bushel of American grown 

 seed, which I sowed the 226. and 23d of August in different spots 

 in the vineyard, at the rate of 20 pounds to the acre. A vineyard 

 of one and one-half acres, heavy brick-clay, was sown entirely. 

 On account of the protracted drouth at that time, it was three 

 weeks before it came up and it was what is called a poor stand, 

 and I was also di.sappointed that it did not make a better growth 

 before winter .set in. But it wintered well, which settled the only 

 point that I was in the least doubtful on, — if it can be grown 

 in Chautauqua county — and on which point I was unable to get 

 any information. The lack of growth in the fall was made up 

 the following spring, and on the loth of May the plants averaged 

 15 inches in height and were in full bloom. The first week in 

 June the crop was turned over with a Rochester gangplow. ' ' 



D. R. Pease, Trumansburg, Seneca County, has also had exper- 

 ience with crimson clover. He writes me as follows : "I sowed 

 a small piece August 25, 1893. It made some growth in the fall 

 and went through the winter in good condition. It began to grow 

 as soon as the frost' was out of the ground last spring, and by 

 May ist was a heavy crop. I allowed it to ripen and saved the 

 seed, which I sowed September i, 1894. I am well pleased with 

 it, and think that it will prove valuable as a mulch." 



Abridgement. 



If orchards are to be made profitable, they must receive as 



good care as other crops- 

 Good drainage, natural or artificial, is essential to success. 



Trees are impatient of wet feet. 



Well drained lands are drier in wet spells and moister in dry 



spells than other lands. They can be worked earlier in spring. 

 Good tillage increases the available food supply of the soil and 



also conserves its moisture. 



Trees should be made to send their roots deep into the soil, in 



order to fortify themselves against drouth. This is done by 



draining the soil and by plowing the orchard rather deep. 



This deep plowing should begin the very year the trees are set 



and it should be continued every spring until the habit of the 



trees is established. 



