Some Grape Troubi^es of Western New York. 449 



canes, thus leaving the fruit entirel}^ exposed to the direct rays of 

 the sun. The trouble seems to have begun during the latter part 

 of summer. The leaves turned yellow and then brown, this last 

 color generally appearing in those parts of the leaf situated far- 

 thest from the main veins. One- half of the leaf was in some 

 cases destroyed before the other part seemed to suffer. The ma- 

 jority of such cases seemed to occur in portions that were directly 

 exposed to the full force of the sun's rays. Such leaves were 

 more or less curled, or they were so placed that one part shaded 

 another. As a rule, the shaded portion did not suffer much until 

 the part that received the sunlight was very seriously affected. 

 Then the whole leaf gradually yielded to the trouble. The final 

 result was that all the more seriously affected leaves eventually 

 dried and fell from the vines, giving the vineyard a thin and un- 

 healthy appearance. 



The cause of the trouble was probably the dry weather, for 

 the thinner the soil and the more it dried out, the worse 

 the trouble seemed to become. Some entire vineyards were 

 injured, others suffered only in certain portions, and those 

 which were upon moister ground did not suffer at all. As soon as 

 the fall rains came, the falling of the leaves immediately stopped. 



Anj^ cause which will tend to retain moisture in the soil will 

 lessen the severity of the trouble. The worst case seen was in a 

 Delaware vineyard that had received apparently no cultivation. 

 If a thin mulch of cultivated soil had lain upon the ground, the 

 evaporation would not have been so great and the vines would 

 not have suffered as they did. More expensive and effective rem- 

 edies can hardly be recommended at present. 



