PART III— MACHINERY FOR SPRAYING— FORMULAS. 



The machinery to use in spraying vineyards and other planta- 

 tions should be as simple andeflfective as possible. Three general 

 styles are now in use ; knapsack pumps, hand pumps, and power 

 sprayers. 



The knapsack pump is probably the most effective, for the 

 spray is entirely under the control of the operator and the work 

 can be done as thoroughly as desired. It is open to the objection 

 of being hard to carry and to work, and it is also very slow. 



The hand pump, when placed on the side of a barrel and mounted 

 in a wagon, makes a very serviceable outfit on level ground. 

 It allows the use of two nozzles, and possesses greater power 

 than the knapsack. A good arrangement is to have one man 

 drive and hold one nozzle while the other man pumps and holds the 

 other nozzle. 



Power sprayers are the easiest to use, for in them the horse does 

 the pumping. My experience with these has been such that I am 

 convinced that for all low growing plants they are the most satis- 

 factory machines to use. They must be adapted to the work, and 

 be properly built and handled to give the best results. If a good 

 machine is used, the work will be done about as effectively as with 

 a hand pump, and much more easily. Some New York vineyards 

 have been kept practically free from fungous diseases by their use. 



The best nozzles for such work are probably the Vermorel, the 

 McGowen, or the Bordeaux. These can be graduated, are easily 

 cleaned, and are durable. 



FORMULAS. 

 Bordeaux Mixture. 

 Sulphate of copper, 6 pounds. 

 Quick lime, 4 pounds. 

 Water, 40 to 50 gallons. 



Dissolve the sulphate by hanging it in a bag in the liquid at the 

 top of a wooden or earthen vessel full of water. One gallon of 

 water will dissolve from one to two pounds of the sulphate. The 

 lime should be slaked in an equal volume of water and when the 



