472 



Bulletin 77. 



The cion for this graft is easily made. The lower end is cut in 

 the form of a simple wedge, and it is then pushed into the cut in 

 the side of the stock until all the cut surfaces of the cion are cov- 

 ered by the lip of wood on the stock. Figure 1 2 

 shows the manner of insertion ; it represents the 

 upper end of the lip as being removed, but this 

 is not necessary. After the cion is inserted, tak- 

 ing care to have the cambium layers as nearly in 

 contact as possible, the stock is firmly bound. 

 The cavity is then filled with earth and the opera- 

 tion is finished. As the cion grows, the old vine 

 should be pinched back so that the nourishment 

 may go to the formation of the desired top. 



On Cuttings. 



No. 7. — Figure 14 shows a rooted cutting on 



which has been grafted 



a cion by means of the 



cleft graft. It represents 



a class of grafts which, 



though as yet of little 

 t e raj . ^^^^^^^^^ importance in this coun- 

 try, is in Europe a very important branch of 

 grape propagation. The stock commonly used 

 there is the strong growing Vitis riparia, and w fj|j 



the operation is performed in order to grow the Euro- 

 pean varieties upon roots which will resist the action 

 of the root louse, or phylloxera. Rooted cuttings 

 are perhaps not so commonly used for stocks as fresh- 

 ly cut wood. The grafting is done in the winter, and 

 the methods followed are very similar to those in com- 

 mon use here for the root grafting of apples, etc. The 

 splice graft is often used, as well as the whip or tongue 

 graft. Machines have been made in France which 

 sort the cions and the stocks so that only those having 

 equal diameter are united. This increases the chances 

 for a successful union. 

 After the two parts are placed in position, they are 



uA-r 



13 



I k 



Tool 

 for mak- 

 ing incis- 

 ion for 

 sidegraft. 



