Some Grape TroubIvES of Western New York. 439 



growing in an alluvial deposit of several inches of dark soil. It is the rich- 

 est part of the vineyard and I never added manure thinking it needed none. 



E. H. Fay & Son, Portland. Soil, side hill of loam and coarse gravel in- 

 clined to be dry. It is rather shallow and poor and was used not less than 

 fifteen years as a cattle and horse pasture ; Fertilizers, none. Shellinp;, only 

 occasionally a biinch. 



T. J. Walker, Ripley. Soil, both gravel and clay soils, well drained and 

 fairly rich ; Fertilizers, applied potash in 1893 at the rate of one pound to 

 the vine, and also stable manure. Shelling, about i per cent. 



A. W. Rumsey, Westfield. Soil, rolling, the hollows being of soil worked 

 down into them, and all quite well drained ; Fertilizers, a very little stable 

 manure. Shelling, about i per cent., occurring mostly in the lower parts of 

 the vineyard. Probable cause, a superabundance of foliage absorbing all the 

 moisture during drought at the expense of the fruit. 



Fraser & Co., Westfield. Soil, gravelly loam and sandy loam. Was 

 cropped in parts for many years with grain and hay ; Fertilizers, wood ashes 

 and bone in some sections, muriate of potash and mixed fertilizers in others, 

 and occasionally a little compost of stable manure. Shellitig, lost by shell- 

 ing probably 2 per cent, to 3 per cent. 



A. B. Hawkins, Ripley. Soil, dry gravelly loam, naturally rich; grain and 

 grass grown for many years ; Fertilizers, animal manures. Shellifig from 

 2 per cent, to 5 per cent., but where the manure was applied the grapes did 

 not shell. 



Jno. W. Spencer, Westfield. Soil, shaley clay with bed rock within thirty 

 inches of the surface ; Fertilizers, two years before being on the vine ap- 

 plied a shovel of stable manure to each plant each season. First crop 

 nothing ; second crop, four hundred pounds muriate of potash and four 

 hundred pounds bone on one and three-fourths acres ; third crop (1894) one 

 hundred pounds unleached hardwood ashes on the same land. Shelling ; 

 shelling goes by plants, some plants 50 per cent., average 5 per cent, on piece of 

 one and three-fourths acres. [While in conversation with Mr. Spencer he 

 said that the worst shelling was in those portions of the vineyard in which 

 the underlying rock came nearest the surface. E. G. Iv.] Probable cause ; 

 fungous disease on part or whole of them ; plants not having proper formula 

 of food are most susceptible to disease. 



Chas. E. Brown, Ripley. Soil, rich black loam, rather wet ; Fertilizers, 

 heavy dressings of barnyard manure. Shelling, 5 per cent. Probable cause ; 

 might be mildew, is usually worst where vines have the most foliage. 



B. M. Taylor, Portland. Soil, mostly rich, dry gravel with occasional 

 hard loam in low places ; Fertilizer, one portion barnyard manure, another 

 salt and ashes. Shelling, none. Probable cause, drought and want of fer- 

 tilizer. One of the worst vineyards I had last year received a good dose of 

 salt and ashes and this year it has the best fruit of any and does not shell. 



R. G. Wright, Westfield. Soil, rich black loam, clay subsoil . Fertilizers, 

 not any until last spring when I applied potash at the rate of five hundred 



