302 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



almost two trees for every square rod. Un this same area 

 the marking took only 37 per cent of the trees 10 inches 

 and over in diameter at breast height. At the same time 

 all the trees which had reached a stifficient size to be 

 mature for cutting as tie trees were marked, and the 

 lumbermen got the ripe crop, while the unripe timber 

 was left, haxong both its future commercial and present 

 esthetic values intact. When the stand is ready for 

 cutting again, and at each succeeding cutting, the same 

 marking principles will be applied, but the second cutting 

 will be done when the trees now middleaged reach matur- 

 ity, and before they become overmature and infirm, so 

 that there will never again be the large number of de- 

 fective trees in the stand there were in its virgin condition ; 

 and both commercial and esthetic values will always 

 be at the maximmn. 



Forest Service sale contracts specify that stumps must 

 be cut low to secure the fullest possible utilization of the 

 tree, and that all the brush and other debris resulting 

 from the cutting must be disposed of in a specified manner. 



The limbs are trimmed off the unused portion of the trunk 

 and wherever the fire danger is great they are piled and 

 burned; while in localities of small fire danger the brush is 

 frequently scattered out in a thin mat so that it will decay 

 rapidly and disappear. Thus, with the low stmnps, and 

 after the brush has been disposed of, the ground on which 

 cutting has been done shows little evidence of the cutting, 

 and one going through the cut-over stand on snow deep 

 enough to hide the stimips would ordinarily ne\-er realize 

 that any cutting had occurred. Under the usual marking 

 systems employed in National Forest timber sales, then, 

 the permanence of the forest is assured. 



With Uncle Sam spending hundreds of thousands of 

 dollars every year on good roads and trails to make 

 the National Forests more accessible to the public for 

 recreation — and they are coming to be more and 

 more the nation's playgrounds — the people can rest 

 secure in the knowledge that he is going to bring limi- 

 bering and esthetics together so that each shall occupy 

 its logical place. 



PINE BLISTER DISEASE QUARANTINES 



A QUARANTINE against the shipment of white pine 

 seedlings west of Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkan- 

 sas and Louisiana and including these states was 

 recently ordered by the Federal Horticultiu-al Board 

 of the Department of Agriculture. Tliis action followed 

 the passage of the amendment to the quarantine law 

 giving the Board increased power and the hearing on 

 the quarantine proposition on April 10 at Washington. 

 The further importation of currant and gooseberry bushes 

 from Europe and Asia on which the white pine blister 

 disease may be carried is also prohibited. A supplemen- 

 tary order of the Horticultural Board prohibits the ship- 

 ment of five-leaved pines or black currant bushes from the 

 heavily infected region comprising the New England 

 states and New York to any point outside. This addi- 

 tional quarantine is made for the purpose of protecting 

 other quarantined states as well as the remainder of the 

 covmtry from possible infection. 



The quarantine was first made effective on June 1, 

 but the Board later, learning there was a considerable 

 movement under way of possibly infected white pines 

 and to a less extent black currants from New England to 

 states lying west and south, amended the original quaran- 

 tine covering that section and made it effective May 1. 



The Board explains that the quarantine was first made 

 effective Jmie 1 because: "the fixing of the effective 

 date of these quarantines at June 1 was done solely in the 

 interest of the nurserymen in recognition of their needs 

 and of their spring contracts for delivery." 



And adds: "It is hardly necessary perhaps to say 

 that the Board will expect nurserymen, in return, to 

 scnipulously respect state quarantines in relation to the 

 pines, currants and gooseberries covered in these orders, 

 and it is understood that in the meantime the voluntary 

 agreement of a year or more ago not to ship any white 



pines or currants or gooseberry plants into the Rocky 

 Mountains or Pacific Slope states is to remain in full 

 force and effect. The inspectors of these western states 

 have been notified of this understanding." 



These quarantines, together with the $300,000 appro- 

 priation made by Congress for the suppression of the pine 

 blister disease, follow the widespread public agitation of 

 last fall and early this year, lead by the American Forestry 

 Association, to sectu-e national and state action against 

 the disease which threatens to wipe out white and other 

 five-leaved pines of this comitry and Canada valued at 

 over $500,000,000. 



The various states have taken action, to date, as 

 follows, the quarantines, unless otherwise specified, being 

 against pines, currants and gooseberries: 



California — Quarantine against all five-leaved pines 

 and currants and gooseberries from points in the United 

 States east of the Mississippi. 



Delaware — Quarantine against all points outside the 

 state. 



Idaho — Quarantine against New Hampshire, Vermont, 

 Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York and Pcnns>-lvania. 



Indiana — Quarantine against all points outside the 

 state. 

 'N Kansas — Quarantine against all points outside the state. 

 ^ Massachusetts — Quarantine against white pines from 

 Europe, and an appropriation of $50,000. 



Michigan — Quarantine against all points outside the 

 state. 



Minnesota — Quarantine against all five-leaved pines 

 in New England, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 

 Ohio and Wiscon.sin and an appropriation of $15,000. 



Montana — Quarantine against New Hampshire, Ver- 

 mont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York and 

 Pennsylvania. 



