684 



A.MI'RICAX FORESTin- 



FIGURE 2. riGUKK 3 FIGURE 4. 



PHOTOMICROGRAPHS WHICH MAKE POSSIBLE AN INTERESTING COMPARISON 



A must supirhcial comparison of the cross-section of the wood of this new hybrid oak (Fig. 2) with that of Quercus borealis (Fig 3l and Qjcrcus 

 vclutina (Fig. 41 shows a unique distinction in the very large number rf pores and in their gradval diminution in size in passing from' the 



spring or early formed woo 1 to the summer 

 related to the red oak tb.-iii in the black oak, in 

 pores of the sjmmcr ....j 



coccinea to Q. phcllos x rubra (1). 

 Well Known Hybrid Oaks. 



The following is a list of the native 

 hybrid oaks (Jiscovered in the United 

 States during- the last hundred years. 

 Jrome of them have been found l)ut 

 once and in several instances the indi- 

 viduals discovered have since beer 

 destroyed. While a luinibtT of t'lrs;- 

 trees are, undoubtedly, of hybrid 

 origin, properly they must be desig- 

 nated as species, because thc\ were 

 first described under a binomial. Xot- 

 able examples of such hybrids are 

 Quercus morehus, Q. brittoni, Q. 

 leana, Q. sinuata, and Q. hetero- 

 phylla : 



Quercus alba x stcllata ICngclm 

 (1877). Illinois. 



Quercus alba x macrocar])a Eii- 

 gelm. (1877). Illinois and Vermont. 



Quercus alba .\ jirinus Kngelm. 

 (1877). District of Columbia and 

 Vermont. 



Quercus wislizeni x kelloggii Cm- 

 ran (1885) ;=Quercus wislizeni x Cal- 

 ifornica Sargent (1895) ;=Q. more- 

 hus Kellogg (1863). California. 



Quercus coccinea x ilicifolia Gray 

 (1867), near Whitinsville, Mass. 



Quercus catesbaei x aquatica (2) 



THE NEW HYBRID AND ITS DISCOVERER 



This shows the new hybrid— the Hawkins Oak. 

 growing in a wooded section of the Hawkins 

 estate in western Tennessee. It is some 8.5 feet 

 Inch and 3.5 inches in diameter. Certain peculi- 

 arities about the tree attracted the attention of 

 Mrs Eugene Hawkins, prompting closer exami- 

 nation and the consequent discovery of the 

 hybrid Mrs. Hawkins is seen standing by the 

 tree. 



late-fornu-d ;voil of tie annual ring. This would indicate that the new hybrid is more closely 

 i'liicli there is a very abrupt change in size from the large pores of the spring-wood to the small 



Engelm. (1877) ;^Q. catesbaei x ni- 

 jL ra .Sarg. (1895) ;=Q. sinuata Walter 

 ( 1788). Near Bluffton, S. C. 



Quercus catesbaei x lauri folia En- 

 gelm. (1877)-. Near RlulTton, .S. C. 



Quercus catesbaei x Q. cinerea 

 Small ( 1895). Florida. 



Quercus cuneata x velutina (1917) : 

 — Q- digitata (3) .x velutina Sudworth 

 (1895). Tennessee. 



Quercus georgiana .x marilandicn 

 Sargent (1895) :=(Q. georgiana x 

 nigra (4) Small (1895). Georgia. 



Quercus marilandica .x ilicifolia 

 (1917) :=Q. brittoni Davis (1892). 

 The author of the latter name believed 

 this tree to be a hyliriil between the 

 black jack and bear oak. .Staten Is- 

 l:ind. X. \'. 



Quercus marilandica x velutina 

 r.ush (1895). "Near Saputa, Indian 

 lerritory." 



Quercus imbricaria x marilandica 

 Sargent (1895) ;=Q. imbricaria .x 

 nigra (4) Engelm. (1877). Mis- 

 souri. 



(Quercus imbricaria x velutina Sar- 

 gent (1895) ;=Q. imbricaria x coc- 

 cinea Engelm. (1877) ;=Q. leana 

 -Vutt. (1842). Central Eastern I'nited 

 States. 



FU;i"KE 5 



n) Now properly known as Quercus borealis 

 Mich.x., (J. rubra I.., long supposed to have been 

 applied by Linnaeus to our red oak. was in 

 reality given to our Spanish oak, which most of 

 tl'e mountain people in Vir^ini;!, North Caro- 

 lina and Ttnntssee call "red oak." 



(2) Now known as Quercus nigra, the black 

 lack, to which this name was so long applied, 

 now being designated as Q. marilandica. 



(3) Now known as Quercus rubra. 



(4) No,v knoA'n as Quercus marilandica. 



