FERNALD. — CARICES OP SECTION HYPARRHENAE. 475 



or without subtending elongated bracts: perigynia ascending or rarely 

 spreading, distinctly about 10-nerved on either face, J/..8 to 6 (average 5.2 s ) 

 nun. long : scales lance-attenuate or aristate. — Am. Jour. Sci. viii. 97, & 

 ix. t. C, fig. 9 ; Britton, 1. c. fig. 870. G. straminea, var. aperta, Boott, 

 1. c. 120, t. 385; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 580 ; Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 

 152, & in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 622 ; Macoun, 1. c. 133 ; Howe, I. c. 15. 

 G. tenera, var. major, Olney, 1. c. no. 15. G. straminea, var. tenera, 

 Bailey, Bot. Gaz. x. 381, & Mem. Torr. CI. v. 94. — Brackish or 

 fresh marshes, mostly near the coast, Gulf op St. Lawrence to 

 Delaware and Iowa ; also in British Columbia, Yellow Head Pass 

 (Spreadborough, Herb. Geol. Surv. Can. no. 20,871). June- Aug. 



Var. invisa, Britton. — Figs. 35, 36. — Lower; with spikelets 5 to 8 

 mm. long, and perigynia 4 to 5 (average 4.5) mm. long. — Britton, 

 1. c. 358. C. straminea, var. invisa, W. Boott, Bot. Gaz. ix. 86 ; Bailey, 

 Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 152, & in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 622 ; Howe, 1. c. — 

 Range of the species and too often iutergradiug with it ; mostly in dry 

 soil or even in pure sand. 



Var. Richii. — Figs. 33, 34. — Perigynia 4 to 5 mm. long, with 

 suborbicular bodies abruptly contracted to slender conspicuous loosely 

 ascending or spreading beaks. — Massachusetts, Reading, June 14, 

 1883 ( G. E. Perkins) ; Fresh Pond, Cambridge, June 8, 1887 ( W. 

 Deane) ; near Spot Pond, and north end of Doleful Pond, Stonebam, 

 May 30, 1894, near Bear Hill, Stoneham, June 5, 1894 ( Wm. P. Rich) ; 

 Amherst (E. Tuckerman): Connecticut, Newington, May, 1879 (Ghas. 

 Wright). In its elongate loose brown spikes and subulate- or awn- 

 tipped narrow scales clearly an extreme form of G. tenera, although the 

 perigynia when well developed suggest those of G. festucacea. 



= = Perigynia with broadly ovate to suborbicular bodies, more than half as 



broad as long. 



a. Perigynia 5.7 to 7.7 mm. long. 



13. C. Bicknellii, Britton. — Figs. 37 to 40. — Culms comparatively 

 stout, 4 to 9 dm. high, smooth except at summit : leaves ascending, 

 rather short and firm, 2 to 4.5 mm. broad: spike of S to 7 silvery brown 

 or greenish ovoid obovoid or subglobose approximate or slightly remote 

 spikelets 8 to 14 mm. long: perigynia ascending, the tips becoming con- 

 spicuous, broadly wing-margined, when mature almost translucent and with 

 about 10 nerves on either face. — Britton, 1. c. 360, fig. 874. G. stra- 

 minea, var. Grawei, Boott, 1. c. 121, t. 388 ; Bailey, Bull. Torr. CI. xx. 

 422 ; Howe, 1. c. G. straminea, var. Meadei, Boott, 1. c. t. 389 ; Gray, 



