FERNALD. — CARICES OP SECTION HYPARRHENAE. g 479 



I. c. ; Howe, 1. c. 44. C. adusta, Boott, III. iii. 119, in part, t. 381, 

 382, fig. 1 ; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 580; Macoun, 1. c. 129, in part (excl. 

 syn.) — Commoner than the species. Newfoundland to Manitoba 

 and Virginia. June- Aug. 



b. Spike with approximate or subapproximate brown or ferrugineous spikelets. 



19. C. leporina, L. — Figs. 58 to 60. — Culms stiff and ascending, 

 2 to 8 dm. high : leaves mostly short and rather firm, 1.5 to 4 mm. 

 broad : spike from subglobose to cylindric, of 3 to 6 obovoid to oblong- 

 ovoid ascending spikelets 8 to 1.4 mm. long: perigynia 3.8 to 4.5 mm. 

 long, 1.8 to 2.3 mm. broad, ascending. — Sp. 973, & Fl. Suec. ed. 2, 

 326 (excl. cit. Fl. Lapp.); Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 228; Reich. Ic. Fl. 

 Germ. viii. t. 211; Anders. Cyp. Scaud. 63, t. 4, fig. 26; Boott, 1. c. 

 iv. 190; Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 152, & in Gray, Man. ed. 6, 

 622; Britton, 1. c. 356, fig. 864; Meinsh. Acta Hort. Petrop. xviii. 

 324. C. oralis, Good. Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 148; Eng. Bot. t. 306; Vahl. 

 Fl. Dan. vii. t. 1115; Host, Gram. i. 39, t. 51; Willd. 1. c. 955; 

 Schkuhr, 1. c. 20, t. B, fig. 8. — Europe and Asia: Newfoundland, 

 shores of Quiddy Viddy Lake, Aug. 2, 1894 {Robinson § Schrenk) : 

 Nova Scotia, Yarmouth, July 22, 1896 (E. Brainerd) : Maine, low, 

 rocky pasture, South Berwick, June 23, 1898 (J. C. Parlin, no. 959); 

 hillside pastures, East Parsonsfield, July 4, 1900 (/. F. Collins fy M. 

 L. Fernald): New Hampshire, dry hillsides, Alstead, July 9, 1901 

 (31. L. Fernald) ; Gap Mt., Troy, June 13, 1898 (E. L. Rand $ B. L. 

 Robinson, no. 508) : Massachusetts, Essex Co., Aug. 23, 1881 ( W. 

 P. Conant) ; Long Island, Boston Harbor, July 6, 1871, July 1, 1873 

 (Wm. Boott); Nobscot Hill, Framiugham, June 14, 1901 (3f. L. 

 Fernald) ; Purgatory Swamp, Dedham, June 23, 1878 (E. $ C. E. 

 Faxon) : New York, slopes of Bald Mt., north of Fulton Chain, 

 Herkimer & Hamilton Cos., Aug. 12, 1895 (J. V. Baberer, no. 1103) 

 New Jersey, ballast ground, Camden, 1878 (Isaac Burlc). Doubtless 

 introduced at the latter station, but perhaps indigenous northward. 



= = Inner face of perigynia nerveless or only slightly nerved at base (excep- 

 tional individuals of C. leporina might be sought here). 



a. Ellipsoidal spikelets brownish-white : the appressed perigynia golden-yellow 



at base. 



20. C. xerantica, Bailey. — Figs. 61, 62. — Culms stiff", scabrous 

 above, 3 to 6 dm. high : leaves short, mostly near the base, 2 or 3 mm. 

 broad : spike linear-cylindric, of 3 to 6 distinct ascending sjrikelets 8 to 



