FERNALD. CARICES OF SECTION HYPARRHENAE. 483 



1861, 750— Bogs and meadows near the coast, or on the coastal 

 plain, locally from Labrador and Newfoundland, to New Jersey : 

 also summit of Smoky Mt., Cape Breton, Nova Scotia; Crystal, 

 Maine; Bristol and Peacham, Vermont; Essex and Onondaga Cos., 

 New York; Mer Bleue, Ontario ; Calumet, Michigan ; and reported 

 from Hennepin and Crow Wing Cos., Minnesota. May-Aug. 



* * Spikelets 2 to several, the staminate flowers mostly at their bases ; plants 



very rarely dioecious. 



t- Perigynia broadest at the rounded or subcordate base ; the beak rough 



or serrulate. 



*+ Perigynia .40 to .50 as broad as long, the slender beak conspicuous, often 

 nearly as long as the body : scales pointed. 



26. C. echinata, Murray. — Figs. 84 to 88. — Culms rather wiry, 

 1 to 4 dm. high : leaves shorter than or equalling the culms, 1 to 2.5 

 mm. wide: spike linear-cylindric, 1 to 3 cm. long, of 2 to 6 subapproximate 

 or slightly remote subglobose or oblong 3- to 12- flowered spikelets .- 

 perigynia finally yellowish, narrowly ovate, early ascending, later wide- 

 spreading, faintly nerved or nerveless on the inner face, 3 to 4 mm. 

 long, one- third or one-half exceeding the ovate pointed brownish scale. 

 — Prodr. 76; Boeckeler, Liunaea, xxxix. 124; Bailey, Proc. Am. 

 Acad. xxii. 142; Mem. Torr. CI. i. 57, & Bull. Torr. CI. xx. 424; 

 Macoun, 1. c. 126; Richter, PI. Eur. i. 150; Holm, 1. c. 212. C. 

 muricata, Huds. Fl. Aug. 406 (1778): Leers, Fl. Herb. 200, t. 14. 

 fig. 8; not L. C. Leersii, Willd. Prodr. 28. C. stellulata, Gooden. 

 Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 144; Schkuhr, Riedgr. 45, t. C, fig. 14; Host, 

 Gram. i. 41, t. 53; Schwein. & Torr. 1. c. 317; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ, 

 viii. 9, t. 214, fig. 560; Carey in Gray, Man 544; Boott, III. i. 55. 

 Vignea stellulata, Reich. Fl. Exc. 57. C. sterilis, Gray, Man. ed. 5, 

 578 ; Bailey, Bull. Torr. CI. xx. 424 ; Britton, 1. c. 350, fig. 844 ; 

 Howe, 1. c. 38; not Willd. — Open low ground, Labrador and 

 Ungava to Alaska, south to Garrett Co., Maryland, Ohio, Michi- 

 gan, Saskatchewan, and Humboldt Co., California : also in 

 Europe and Asia. June-Aug. Extremely variable, passing by num- 

 erous transitions to the following more marked extremes. 



Var. ormantha. — Fig. 89. — Spikes 2 to 6 cm. long, of 2 to 4- 

 very remote 3- to 9-flowered spikelets, the terminal one with a clavate 

 base 0.5 to 1 cm. long : perigynia as in the species, spreading or slightly 

 ascending, mostly twice as long as the scales. — C. echinata, W. Boott, 

 in Wats. Bot. Cal. ii. 237, in part. — Rhode Island, Providence, 1846 



