ffig TftdFICAt AGniCtStfVftiQf. 



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The statistics are as follows : — 



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The above table is stated to be defective. Nine 



nroviaces forwarding defective returns, or none 



at all while Ceara and Amazonas are omitted. 



The emancipations are thus classified:— 



With conditions 69,430 



Without conditions 108,226 



1/7,656 

 and the slaves in the Empire on the 30th June, 



were : — 



Men 098,635 



Women 534,593 



1885, 



1,133,228 

 The free-born children of slave mothers numbered on 

 the 30th June last 439,831, of which 219,071 are of the 

 masculine and 220,760 of the faminme gender,— iZ/o JVews. 



BEITISH NORTH BORNEO AND ITS 



EESOtJRCES. 



The following interesting paper was read at a 

 meeting at the Conference Hall at the Colonial and 

 Indian Exhibition on the 25th October, 1888, by W. 

 B. Pryer, c.m.z.s, f.g.s., Australia, Her Britannic 

 Majestv's Consular Agent for Sandakan, Eesident in 

 the service of the British North Borneo Company, &:c., 

 &c. Sir Rutherford Alcock, K.c.n., was in the chair.— 



Mother-of-pearl shells and Pearls occur more amongst 

 the seas of the Sooloo Archipelago than on our own coast, 

 though off Port Elphinstone there are large banks of 

 them ; the Ada Bank, in particular, hardly at all worked 

 at present. 



The Oyster, scientifically known as 3Ieleagrina mar- 

 garitifera, which yields the finest shell, is also the 

 ew in vriiich pearlu are found Tb« eoJleetisg ie dose 



by divers, who, without any aid go down to extra* 

 ordinary depths in the sea, twelve fathoms and over- 

 When the dppth is greater, or where sharks abound 

 a sort of drag or trawl is u^ed. Pearls of all sorts 

 and sizes are always being found, and are brought 

 chiefly by Chinese for sale iu China, where they fetch 

 a higher price than in England. 



Keema is the fish of a large clam shell or bivalve 

 Tridacene gigas which often attains dimensions of four 

 feet or more ; wherever there is shallow coral-bottomed 

 sea, they abound in quantities, and are but slightly 

 collected. Many of these Keema shells are to be 

 seen in the fountains and grottoes iu the Exhibition 

 gardens here; off the coast of Tawi Tawi there is 

 one which the natives say is as big as a house. Bajau 

 huts are not very large however. 



Borneo camjihor is obtained from a large forest tree, 

 which has to be felled and split up for the purpose. 

 It is worth from 3os, to 70s. a pound, and, like many 

 other expensive things, has a higher price in China 

 than elsewhere. It is obtained from one of our 

 commonest forest trees, but which has to be of great 

 age before it attains the proper stage of ripeness. 

 In many places the natives do not understand its 

 collection, which is somewhat of a mystery. The 

 Quarmote River is said to be such a district, and it 

 is reported that one party who went there got several 

 thousand dollars' worth. A very large value of this 

 camphor is, no doubt, not entered at the Customs, but 

 is simply taken out of the country in luggage boxes 

 and so forth. 



The quantity obtained from one tree is usually 

 within 50 dols. worth, but a good deal more is oc- 

 casionally obtained. The natives say that if a man 

 obtains over 600 dols. worth from one tree he will 

 die within the year. This is based on the law of 

 compensation I suppose. 



The one forest of many millions of acres, with 

 which the greater part of British North Borneo 

 is covered, is mainly composed of valuable timber trees 

 of which the best known are billian or ironwood, 

 serayah or red cedar, kapor or Borneo camphor, kruing 

 or wainscoting, Penargah or Borneo walnut, bintangor, 

 peune or mastwood. Chiudana, marrabow and many 

 others. Billian is the one of these for which, perhaps, 

 the best demand exists, it is well known both in 

 Singapore and Hongkong, which have been supplied 

 hitherto mostly from Sarawak, in which country now, 

 however, supplies are falling off. Billian planks are 

 greatly esteemed on account of their extreme dura- 

 bility, large orders for them for planking wharf 

 frontages at Singapore have had mostly to be cancelled 

 owing to the want of appliances and capital in San- 

 dakan, to carry them out, notwithstanding the profit 

 that would have accrued. The supply of this wood 

 in British North Borneo is very large, of the forest 

 trees in the district from the Segaliud to the Segama, 

 a considerable percentage are billian, in some places 

 thirty trees in a hundred are of it. The last valu- 

 able discovery in Province Dent, is of this timber 

 there in large quantities. Owing to its weight, great 

 difficulty is experienced in handling the logs, but the 

 number of rivers which everywhere permeate the 

 forest greatly facilitate its transport as well, of course, 

 as that of all our timbers. With regard to our tim- 

 bers generally, my hearers may judge for themselves 

 by looking at the benches in this hall and elsewhere 

 in the building as well as at the planks and mouldings 

 here shown, and the exhibits in the British Borneo Court. 

 In view of the rapidly increasing demand for planks 

 and other woods in Australia, India, China, the Mauri- 

 tius and elsewhere, the increasing difficulty experienced 

 in Singapore, hitherto the chief source of supply< in 

 obtaining wood for their mills, and the enormous re- 

 sources possessed by North Borneo, there seems little 

 doubt but that we shell in time come to the front 

 as one of the chief timber exporting countries in the 

 East, when the matter is once fairly started. I have 

 made an estimate of the timber growing by rivers either 

 running into Sandakan Bay, fairly accessible from San- 

 dakan, or at all events from which timber could be 

 obtained in Sandakan with less difficulty than Singa* 

 pore DOW ezperieQcei iu getting her supplies, ftcd iUs 



