36 Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, N. Y. 



twigs or shoots. Its work in the central portions of the opening bud is 

 quite certain to check the growth of the shoot in that direction. 

 Again, in some cases the larva not only feeds upon the leaves of the 

 bud, but it begins, usually, near the base of the second or third young 

 leaf, and works its way into the pith of the twig. A burrow is thus 



Fig. 4.— Work of larvae in opening buds.* 



formed which sometimes extends for two or three inches down the 

 shoot. The entrance to this burrow is more or less concealed by some 

 of the basal leaflets of the bud, which are dead and dry and fastened 

 with silk to one side of the hole. When attacked in this manner, the 

 whole tip of the shoot soon dies back as far as the burrow extends. 

 Thus the symmetry of the groM'^th of the tree is marred, and if in a 

 nursery its market value greatly lessened. 



Some larvae do not leave their winter quarters until the buds are 

 quite well opened. The manner of working of these larvfe, and the 

 later steps in the work of those that appeared earlier, has been well 

 described by Professor Comstock in the notes of the Department of 

 Agriculture at Washington, taken May 14, 1879, while he was United 

 States Entomologist. He says: " The larva settles on one of the more 

 advanced leaves, of which it cuts the petiole half through, either near 

 its base or close to the leaf so that it wilts. Of this half dead leaf it 

 forms a sort of tube by rolling the edge of one side more or less down 

 and fastening it with silken threads and then lining the inside sparsely 

 with silk. If the leaf which it has selected as its final home should 

 become too weak at the place where it has been cut, so that there may 



