268 Ageicultural Expeeiment Station, Ithaca, N. Y. 



Distance of planting apple trees. — The trees of this orchard are set 

 forty-two feet apart each way. The advisability of planting those 

 varieties of apples which have spreading tops like King and Baldwin at 

 least forty feet apart can not be too strongly emphasized. Sufficient 

 room for the passage of a wagon must be allowed between the rows 

 when the trees are full grown, and even forty feet is not sufficient for 

 some varieties. A closely set orchard can be sprayed only with great 

 difficulty, and an unsprayed orchard is rarely a profitable one unless it 

 is situated in a peculiarly favorable locality, or unless it consists of 

 varieties which are practically scab and worm proof. The greater ease 

 with which an orchard may be sprayed when in full bearing is of itself 

 a sufficient argument for open planting in apple orchards. 



Amount of liquid used. — The amount of liquid applied to the large 

 trees at each application averaged about four gallons. If less liquid 

 was used it was found to be insufficient to cover all parts of the tree 

 as thoroughl}^ as was desired ; when more was used, most of the excess 

 fell from the tree to the ground and was lost. The number of trees 

 which may be treated in a day with the outfit described above is about 

 one hundred and twenty-five. In experimental work much time is 

 necessarily lost, but this estimate is not far from the number of trees 

 which may be well sprayed by regular work. 



The weather. — The spring and summer of the year 1893 were, on 

 the whole, normal. The departure from the average rain fall of each 

 month was as follows: April + 1-69 inch. May + 2.01 inch, June — 

 1.57 inch, July + 1.20 inch. April and May show an increase, May 

 particularly so. As +he temperature during these months was practi- 

 cally normal, the apple scab fungus met favorable conditions for its 

 development. June was inclined to be dry, although considerable rain 

 fell; but July shows a rainfall above the average. The work done the 

 past season was consequently subjected to practically the same con- 

 ditions which may be expected any year. 



Material used. — The following are the materials applied to the 

 orchard. They were used singly and also in combination. 



Bordeaux mixture, 



Ammoniacal copper carbonate, 



Fosite, 



Paris green, 



London purple. 

 The Bordeaux mixture was prepared according to the formula: 



Copper sulphate, 6 pounds. 



Quick lime, 4 "pounds, 



Water, 40 gallons. 



