The Spkating of Okchaeds. 275 



ammoniacal copper carbonate, and Paris green were considered, for it 

 would be obviously unfair to include fostite under the six applications 

 and not under the others. This fungicide was applied merely for the 

 purpose of determining its value as compared with the others. 



It is practically impossible to show by means of figures the exact con- 

 dition of an apple crop. The averages for the King, and these were 

 the ones particularly selected to determine the benefits derived from 

 different number of applications, show a uniform and marked increase 

 in the number of first-class apples as the number of applications 

 increased. As has already been said, the grading was not done for the 

 ordinary market, but for fancy trade, and since the later applications 

 protected the fruit from attacks of scab which would have produced 

 but slight blemishes, the above figures must not be construed to show 

 that it is much better for the general grower to make six applications 

 instead of four. 



The commercial grading of all the Kings as made by the buyer was 

 as follows: The total yield of King was sixty-five barrels. Of these 

 fifty-nine barrels were marked as firsts, four and a half as seconds, and 

 one and a half barrels as thirds. On considering the percentages of the 

 three grades, they constituted respectively ninety-one, seven and two 

 per cent of the total yield. In this grading the wind-falls were also 

 included, which was not the case in the table on page 273. The high- 

 est per cent of first-class fruit shown by this table was seventy-six, 

 yielded by King apples sprayed six times with the Bordeaux mixture. 

 Some idea of the high standard set may be obtained by comparing 

 this with ninety-one per cent made in packing. 



Value of sprays upon different varieties. — Two important factors 

 must be considered in spraying every orchard. The first and more 

 important one has to do with the varieties grown; the second has , 

 reference to the characters of the season. During wet weather more 

 applications are necessary than when the rainfall is slight. Dry sea- 

 sons do not favor the development of injurious fungi, and the materials 

 applied remain upon the trees much longer, not being washed off by 

 rains. 



Some varieties are undoubtedly much more subject to the attacks of 

 apple scab than others. The past season .proved this beyond a doubt 

 as regards the varieties grown in the treated orchard. Several trees of 

 Baldwin and Fallawater were included in the experiments, but no 

 detailed report is here made of the results obtained, as there was prac- 

 tically no difference between treated and untreated trees. Although 

 the Fall Pippin and the Maiden Blush apples were nearly ruined when 



