The Spkaying of Okchakds. 277 



The decided superiority of the Bordeaux mixture can be seen at 

 a glance. In no case did any other fungicide give results which 

 approached in excellence those obtained from this mixture. Nor is its 

 value fully shown by the number of apples in the various grades, for 

 the general appearance of these apples was so superior that the fruit of 

 the Bordeaux lots could be identified at sight almost with certainty. 

 This superior appearance was mainly due to the uniform size of the 

 apples, their regular form and the smoothness of the skin. Figure 1 

 illustrates these points well. The regularity with which the first-class 

 apples could be piled upon the trays is particularly to be noticed. 

 Little remains to be desired as regards uuiformity of fruit. 



The general effect of six applications upon King and Fall Pippin 

 apples may be obtained by comparing Figs. 1 and 3, these represent- 

 ing treated apples, with Figs. 2 and 4 showing fruit which was not 

 sprayed. With the more susceptible varieties it is evidently a question 

 of crop or no crop, and the answer is in the hands of the grower. In 

 comparing the illustrations it must be borne in mind that among the 

 sprayed lots were a great many apples graded as seconds, which really 

 were first-class apples, only they did not bear the' test of suflicient 

 freedom from scab. The general appearance of the seconds of the 

 unspi-ayed lots was markedly inferior to the same grade of the sprayed 

 lots. 



The ammoniacal carbonate of copper most nearly approached the 

 Bordeaux mixture in the value of the results obtained. Although the 

 average increase of first-class apples, 128 per cent, is the same as that* 

 given by Paris green, still the general appearance of the apples treated 

 by Paris green and carbonate was plainly in favor of those treated 

 with the ammoniacal solution. The first-class apples of this last were 

 almost equal to the same grade of those treated with Bordeaux, while 

 those treated with Paris green were not. More small spots of scajb 

 could be found upon the latter, and the apples were unquestionably 

 inferior. However, in the general market most of them would have 

 been classed as firsts. 



Fostite is far behind in the comparison. King trees to which this 

 powder was applied when ti'eated with Paris green for the codlin moth 

 show an increase of 60 per cent of first-class apples. When the Lon- 

 don purple combination was need, the increase is but 33 per cent. 

 Since the Paris green undoubtedly assisted in keeping the fruit fair, 

 the entire gain in the other lot may be ascribed to Fostite, for London 

 purple has practically no value as a fungicide. But this test of Fostite 



