The Speating of OKCHiKDs. 299 



the insecticide was used in two gallons of water. Even when thus 

 diluted, formula (a) did considerable damage, destroying from 35 to 15 

 per cent of the foliage to which it was applied; its use was discon- 

 tinued. Six applications were made of the solution containing lime. 

 This still possessed caustic properties, but the injury done was not 

 serious. Apple and quince foliage suffered most, the injury amounting 

 to perhaps 10 per cent. The other plants appeared to be unaffected. 



The introducers of antinonnin claim that it is of value in destroying 

 both leaf-eating and sucking insects. The quince tree to which the 

 material was applied was badly infested with the common green plant 

 louse. After the applications the number of insects was not visibly 

 reduced. The poison would not adhere to their bodies but the drops 

 rolled away and the insects were uninjured. Its effect upon chewing 

 insects was not tested. 



Antinonnin must be kept moist else it becomes a dangerous substance 

 to handle. 



Its action upon foliage when used alone is extremely caustic, and its 

 solution must be applied weak. 



Lime reduces the caustic action of this poison. 



It possesses apparently no practical value as a destroyer of sucking 

 insects. 



SUMMARY. 



1. Pumps used in spraying orchards must have a large capacity in 

 order to be economical of labor. (Pages 266, 267.) 



2. Automatic agitators have not given satisfactory results. (Page 

 267.) 



3. That spraying may be facilitated, the trees in an orchard should 

 be planted far enough apart to allow of the passage of a wagon when 

 the orchard is in full bearing. (Page 268.) 



4. The amount of liquid required to spray a full grown apple tree is 

 about four gallons. (Page 268.) 



5. The number of applications necessary to protect apples from the 

 scab fungus can not be definitely stated. As a rule, it may be said that 

 a fungicide should be applied at least once before the trees blossom, 

 and two applications are necessary after the falling of the blossoms, 

 upon those varieties which are habitually injured by scab to any serious 

 extent. Upon many susceptible varieties, one or two additional treat- 

 ments are advisable. Only one or two applications may be applied 

 with piofit to resistant varieties. (Pages 274, 275.) 



6. The advisability of making more than one or two applications of 

 fungicide to Baldwin and Fallawater apples is doubtful. King, Maiden 



