104 FISHES OF ILLINOIS 



kk. Dower portion of head with an appearance of being swollen, the suborbitals, 

 interopercles, and dentaries with greatly distended mucus cavities, ap- 

 pearing externally as transverse vitreous streaks; teeth 4-4 or 1, 4-4, 1. .. 

 Ericymba. 



jj. Lower lip with two lateral fleshy lobes, separated at the middle by the more 

 or less hoi-ny and knob-like chin; scales rather small, 40 to 60 in lateral 

 line; teeth 4-4 Phenacobius. 



ee. Maxillary •with a barbel* at or near its extremity (sometimes quite small and 

 difficult to make out, especially in preserved specimens). 

 I. Barbel on upper side of maxillary and distinctly in front of its posterior tip; 

 mouth exceptionally large, maxillary 2.4 to 2.8 in head; scales 50 to 60; 



teeth 4 or 5 in main row, 1, 2, or in lesser row Semotilus. 



II. Barbel terminal on the maxillary, situated in the axil formed at meeting of 

 upper and lower lip-grooves; maxillary more than 2.8 in head. 



m. Premaxillaries not protractile; scales small, 60 to 70; dorsal fin posterior; 



teeth 2. 4-4. 2 Rhinichthys. 



mm. Premaxillaries protractile. 



n. Scales 35 to 45 in lateral line; teeth 4-4, or 1, 4-4, 1 or Hybopsis. 



nn. Scales small, 50 to 60 in lateral line; head much depressed and flattened 

 above; teeth usually 2, 4-4, 2 Platygobio. 



Genus CYPRINUS (Aktedi) Linn^us 



THE CARP 



Mouth with four long barbels; teeth molar, broad and truncate, 1, 1, 

 3-3, 1, 1; dorsal fin very long, with a stout spine which is serrated behind; 

 anal fin with a serrated spine. Native to fresh waters of Asia; introduced 

 into ponds and streams of both Europe and America, where they are now 

 abundant. 



CYPRINUS CARPIO Linn^us 



EUROPEAN CARP 



(3 Plates) 



Liinnseus, 1758, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 320. 



G., VII. 25; J. & G., 254; M. V., 50; J. & E., I, 201; L., 13. 



Length 2 feet or over; body robust, compressed; back considerably 

 elevated; general form resembling that of the buffalo-fishes (Ictiohus); depth 

 in length 2.75 to 3.4 (as a rule less than 3); depth caudal peduncle 1.2 to 1.4 

 in its length. Color olivaceous, upper parts dusky to bluish; lower part of 

 sides and belly more or less yellowish. Head conical, tapering rapidly from 

 above to the tip of the pointed snout, 3 to 4 in length; width of head 1.4 to 

 1.6 in its length; interorbital space nearly flat, 2.3 to 2.7 in head; eye 5.5 to 

 6.8 in head; nose bluntly pointed, 2.6 to 3.3 in head; mouth rather small, 

 anterior, obhque, the maxillary not reaching past anterior nostril, 3.3 to 3.9 

 (usually about 3.5) in head; two pairs of maxillary barbels, the upper shorter, 

 the lower longer than eye; teeth broad and truncate with molar surfaces, 

 in three rows, 1, 1 or 2, 3-3, 1 or 2, 1; intestine longer than body; peritoneum 

 gray, often more or less specked. Dorsal and anal fins each with a large 



* Read 1 and 11 for exact indication of location of barbel. 



