290 FISHES OF ILLINOIS 



64-67, 11 [15 or 16]; 1 to 13 pores lacking; cheeks and opercles fully scaled; 

 nape scaled; breast naked and belly closely scaled. 



These fishes, though bearing a great general resemblance 

 to H. aspro, are easily distinguished from it by their much smaller 

 mouth and united gill-membranes*, and by the combination 

 of minor color-marks above mentioned. 



Our specimens have the preopercle smoothf, as in H. aspro. 



Described from 2 specimens taken by T. L. Hankinson from 

 the Embarras River at Charleston, 111., in 1904. This species 

 was described in 1883 from Bean Blossom creek, Monroe county, 

 Ind., and has since been taken in various localities from northern 

 Indiana to Arkansas. 



Genus COTTOGASTER Putnam 



Body rather robust, not much compressed; mouth moderate or small; 

 forms intermediate between Hadropterus and Boleosoma, having the pre- 

 maxillaries typically protractile, or sometimes (in C. shumardi) connected 

 with the skin of the forehead by a narrow frenum; teeth on vomer; middle 

 line of belly naked, or with caducous scales; vertebrae {C. copelandi) 38 

 (18+20); pyloric caeca 3; coloration not brilliant. Darters of moderate 

 size, not over 3 inches in length; species few; one knoAvn from Illinois. 



'^^J^^«» 



Fig. 70 



COTTOGASTER SHUMARDI (Giraed) 



(Map LXXXVITI) 



Girard, 1859, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 100 (Hadropterus). 



J. & G., 498 (Imostoma); M. V., 126 (Etheostoma) ; B., I, 92 (Boleosoma); J. & E., 

 I, 1046; J., 39 (Imostoma); F., 66; L., 27. 



Length 2i^ to 3 inches; body stout, little compressed except posteriorly; 

 depth 5.2 to 6.9 in length; greatest width of body usually more than ^ [of 



* See note on H. aspro. 



t "Preopercle finely serrated" (Jordan and Evermann, key to Hadropterus); "prepopercle 

 serrulate, at least in young specimens" (Jordan, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 1888, p. 165). 



