The Currant-Stem Girdler. 53 



such that it can be easily controlled by other means. The gird- 

 ling habit of the adult insect (see the frontispiece), which causes 

 the tips of the young shoots to wilt, die, and drop ofif in May, 

 makes it easy for currant growers to determine whether the pest 

 is present in their fields, and also just where to apply the remedy. 

 As the egg is embedded in the shoot less than an inch below 

 where the girdling is done, and as the grubs rarely tunnel down 

 the pith to a depth of more than six inches, if the injured shoots 

 be cut off at least eight inches below their tip and burned, all 

 traces of the insect will be effectually destroyed. Only two or 

 three inches of the tips need be cut off, if it is done in May or 

 June, soon after the girdling is done. The cutting and burning 

 of about eight inches of the tips of the injured shoots at any time 

 of the year, even in winter, will prove a practical and effective 

 remedy for this new pest. 



Bibliography. 



1861. Norton. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VIII., 224. 

 Original description of the insect. 



1862. Fitch. Seventh Rept. on N. Y. Insects, p. 852. Des- 

 cription of adult. 



1869. Norton. Trans. Am. Knt. Soc, II., 346. Description 

 of adult. 



1887. Cresson. Cat. of Hym. p. 172. 



1888. Ivintner. Fourth Rept. on N. Y. Insects, pp. 17, 47, 189. 

 First account of the work of the insect. 



1890. lyintner. Sixth Rept., p. 190. Specimens received. 



1891. Riley. Insect Life, III., 407. Identification of the cur- 

 rant-stem girdler. 



1892. Claypole. Can. Bnt. XXIV., 273. Notes on the insect 

 in Ohio. 



1893. Lintner. Eighth Rept., p. 166-168. Review of what was 

 then known of the insect ; Ninth Rept., p. 461. Specimens 

 received. 



1894. Marlatt Insect Life, VI., 296-301. Detailed, illustrated 

 account of the insect. 



1894. Lounsbury. Bull. 28, Mass. (Hatch) Hxpt. Station, 

 p. 20. Illustrated descriptive account. 



1895. Marlatt. Insect Life, VII., 387-390. Detailed, illus- 

 trated account of early stages and habits of the insect. 



1897 Lintner. Eleventh Rept., p. 284. Specimens of the 

 adult received May nth, 1895, from Corning, N. Y. 



