X SYSTEMATIC INDEX 



frequently selling to the European collector specimens imported from other parts of the East 

 Indies. Thus, although the list of Chinese reptiles clearly indicates two distinct fauna?, one 

 of a thoroughly tropical character, and the other showing the influence of the neighbourhood 

 of the temperate region, it would be a mere guess to point at a boundary-line where the 

 northern one commences to predominate. However, collections made by Dr. Cantor during 

 his residence in Chusan, by Mr. Swinhoe during the campaign in North China, and by the 

 same in the island of Formosa, show that the change from the tropical to the temperate 

 fauna is very gradual, and that the two faunae deeply intersect each other. For whilst a 

 Hyla extends as far southwards as 22° N. Lat. (to the southern part of Formosa), Zaocys 

 persists in Chusan (30° N. Lat.). This mixture of both faunae is the character of the Chinese 

 province, which othermse is not distinguished by peculiar types strikingly different from 

 those of the neighbouring provinces. Although the number of species rapidly diminishes the 

 fvu'ther we proceed northwards, on the whole it is great, but they belong to widely spread 

 genera, and it will be found comparatively small when we shall be better acquainted with 

 the faunae of the other Indian provinces. However, the Freshwater Tortoises are represented 

 as well as in the Malayan province, and the occurrence of Trioni/x sinensis may assist in 

 fixing the southern boundary of the Chinese fauna. Several species with afiinity to the 

 North American or Japanese fauna are added to this mixture of types of the Old World. 



When we proceed from Southern China towards the north, we find that lAolepis, Naja, 

 Tropidonotus quincunciatus, Lycodon milieus, and PoJypedates are the first to disappear; 

 their place is taken by Bimgarus semifasciatus, Tropidonotus annularis, Lycodon rufozonaftis, 

 which southern forms are associated with the northern of Hyla cliinensis, Halys hlonihoffii, 

 and Coluber ritfodorsatus. The last species of Simotes (S. stoinhonis) occurs near Amoy. In 

 Chusan also the Bungarus just mentioned is lost, whilst two other true Colubri, Rana esctt- 

 lenta, and Bvfo vulgaris enter. Finally, in Northern China every trace of the Indian Reptilian 

 fauna has disappeared, and the greater part of the forms are even specifically identical with 

 those of Central Asia and Europe. 



First Subclass. REPTILIA PROPER. 



THE ORDER OF TORTOISES—CIIELONIA. 



I. LAND TOniOISES—TESTUDINIDyE. 

 Testudo, Oppel. 



elegans, Schopff Peninsula of India, Ceylon Po^ge \ 



horsfieldii. Gray Afghanistan 7 



elongata, Blyth Gamboja, Arakan, Mergui 8 



II. FRESHWATER TORTOISES— EiliYD/Z)^. 

 Manouria, Gray. 



emys, M. ^ Schl Pinang, Arakan, Tenasserim 10 



