RANA LIEBIGII. 407 



Rana tigrina. 



Rana tigrina, Baud. Rain. p. 64. jjI. 20. Dum. ^ Bibr. Erpet. gen. viii. p. 375. Kelaart, Prodr. 

 Faun. Zeyl. i. p. 192. Giinth. Batrach. Sal. p. 9. Peters, Sitzgsber. Berl. Acad. 1863, p. 77. 



cancrivora {Bote), Gravenh. Delic. p. 41. 



brama. Less., in Belang. Voy. Ind. Orient. Rept. p. 329. pi. 6. 



vittigera, Wiegm. Nov. Act. Acad. Leopold. -Carol. 1835, xvii. p. 255. tab. 21. fig. 1. 



rugulosa, Vtlegm. I. c. p. 258. fig. 2. 



Snout of moderate length, rather pointed, without canthus rostralis ; tympanum of mode- 

 rate size, about as large as the eye. Lower jaw with two distinct, but scarcely prominent 

 apophyses in front ; the vomerine teeth are well developed and form two oblique series, 

 commencing from the inner anterior angle of the choanse and converging behind. Skin on 

 the back with numerous short longitudinal folds. Hind limbs rather thick and short, the 

 distance between vent and metatarsal tubercle being equal to, or rather more than, that of 

 the body. Tips of the fingers and toes very slightly swollen; the fourth toe is one-third 

 longer than the fifth ; toes completely webbed, the web extending not quite to the extremity 

 of the fourth toe ; a cutaneous fringe along the outer edge of the fifth toe ; metatarsus with 

 a single subcrescentic tubercle and with a slight fold of the skin along its inner edge. 



The upper parts are bro^vn, with large rounded blackish spots, which are sometimes con- 

 fluent into transverse bands ; lips whitish, with black spots ; very frequently a white vertebral 

 streak runs from the nose to the vent. Upper part of the hind limbs with broad blackish 

 cross bands ; lower parts whitish. 



This species, the "Bull-frog" of Europeans, is very common over almost the whole of 

 India. We have received it from Ceylon, Southern India, Sikkim, Bengal, the Malayan Penin- 

 sula, and China, besides different islands of the Archipelago. The specimens vary somewhat 

 in size, in the more or less pointed form of the snout, in the length of the hind limbs, and 

 in coloration. Bengal specimens do not attain to the same large size as those from Southern 

 India, and generally have the white vertebral streak, or traces of it. Specimens from Ceylon 

 are somewhat less stout in form, and their hind limbs are a little longer. But all these 

 differences can hardly be considered as of specific importance. Although the Bull-frogs 

 attain to a very large size, the body alone measuring from 6 to 7 inches in length, the young 

 (after having passed the tadpole state) are, comparatively, very small — only one inch long. 

 These frogs are exceedingly numerous, and when frightened jump over the surface of the 

 water much in the same way as they do on land. 



EaNA LIEBIGII. 



Rana liebigii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 157. pi. 28. fig. A. 



Tympanum hidden ; a strong tubercular fold from the eye to the axil, another along each 

 side of the back ; sacral region tubercular. Head broad ; muzzle obtuse, with the canthus 

 rostralis flattened. A slight groove across the occiput, uniting both the posterior angles of 

 the eyelids. Vomerine teeth in two oblique series, convergent posteriorly. The fifth toe 



