186 Bulletin 176. 



tree at or near the surface of the soil, but occasionally one is found 

 two or three inches below the surface or lying loosely in the soil." 



Within this cocoon the larva or borer soon sheds its skin and is 

 transformed into an entirely different looking creature known as a 

 pupa. We have not determined just how^ much time is spent in 

 the cocoon by the borer before it changes to a pupa, but it is at least 

 from three to live days. Usually we have not found the cocoons 

 earlier than June 5th at Ithaca, N. Y:, but in 1899, some must have 

 been made by May 20th, as they contained pup?e six days later. 

 They are made much earlier, in April, at Washington, D. C, or 

 even in March in the extreme South. Thev mav be found, contain- 

 ing borers or pupiB in most parts of the country, from these dates 

 until September, even into October in Canada. 



The pupa. — The third or pupa stage into which the peach-tree 

 borer transforms is shown natural size at m and enlarged at f and 

 111 in figure 49. These well illustrate the size, form and general 

 features of the pupa. It is of a dark brown color, considerably 

 lighter when tirst formed, and measures about three-fourths of an 

 inch in length. The male and female pupa? are readily distin- 

 guished. The female pupa is larger and more robust, and it has 

 but one row of spines across the back of the seventh abdominal seg- 

 ment (the segment bearing the last or caudal spiracle) while there 

 are two rows of these spines on this segment in the male pupa. 

 These sexual differences in the pupa? of the peach-tree borer are 

 clearly shown in figure 49, the male pupa at m and the female at f. 

 When nearly mature, the female pupse are also readily distinguished 

 from the males by the fact that the fourth or the fourth and fifth 

 abdominal segments assume a dark orange color ; the orange-colored 

 segments of the female moth developing inside, simply show^ through 

 the skin of the pupa. 



Usually the peach-tree borer does not transform to a pupa in New 

 York much before June 15th (May 26th is the earliest date we have 



*Iu one case on a tree we had protected with tarred paper, the borer had first 

 eaten a round hole through the paper, and had then capped the hole with silk 

 and particles of bark, before spinning its cocoon beneath the paper near the hole. 

 This is nn interesting case of instinctive foresight in the borer in thus providing 

 for the sure exit of the adult or moth. 



