91 



' ^1 



Why do we graft ? Think a bit. If I sow seeds of a Baldwin 

 apple, I will probably have as many kinds of apples as I have trees. 

 Some of these apples may be like the Baldwin, and they may not. 

 That is, apple seeds do not reproduce the particular variety. They 

 will not be held to any stricter account than merely to produce 

 apples ; these apples may range all the way from toothsome 

 kinds to Ben Davis. The nurseryman knows this, and he 

 does not wait for the trees to bear in the hope that they 

 will produce something to his liking. So he grafts them 



when they still are young, — takes a 

 cion from the kind which he wishes to 

 perpetuate. So it happens that all the 

 Baldwins and Kings and Bussets, and 

 all other named varieties, are growing 

 on alien roots ; and what kinds of 

 fruits these stocks would have pro- 

 duced, no one will ever know, because 

 their heads were cut off in their youth 

 and heads were put on to order. In 

 this way a^Dples and pears and plums 

 and peaches and cherries and apricots 5i.—Cio?i 

 are propagated, for they will not grow ^^^' ^^^^^' 

 readilv irom cuttnifi^s. But raspber- \ ■. .. 

 ries and blackberries and gooseberries natural 

 and currants and grapes grow will- *^"^^- 

 ingly from cuttings, and they are not grafted 

 by the nurseryman. 



The forming, growing tissues of the trunk 

 is the cambium, lying on the outside of tlie 

 woody cylinder, beneath the bark. In order 

 that union may take place, the cambium of the cion and the stock 

 must come together. Therefore, the cion is set in the side of the 

 stock. I once knew a man who believed that everything was 

 designed for some useful purpose. The hole in the pith bothered 

 him, until he discovered that a cion just filled it. He grafted his 

 trees accordingly ; but the experiment was productive of nothing 



except pithy remarks. 



^ ^ ^ 483 



55. — (7 left-graft. One- 

 luilf natural size. 



