380 University of California Publications in AgricxiXtural Sciences [Vol. 2 



seems probable that the recent statements of Darlington (1926) deny- 

 ing the formation of the satellites on the nucleolus are merely flue 

 to unsuitable or imperfect fixation. 



The somatic anaphase in a triploicl i)Ianl also i)roceeds in a per- 

 fectly typical way (pi. 56/). Consequently, the whole mitotic process 

 in triploids appears to be normal even to the smallest details; and 

 the same is of course true also for the other two species, C. tectorum 

 and C. dioscoridis. 



The triploid plants, like all other known triploids, are distinguished 

 bv notably increased dimensions of the cells and cell organs. In 

 these triploids the fruits and other external features are also 

 enlarged; in fact the entire plant is somewhat larger than normal. 

 The fertility is greatly reduced and a high percentage of the pollen 

 is bad ; all these features are well known and should be considered 

 as characteristic consequences of triploidy. Pertinent data are pre- 

 sented in table 1. 



TABLE 1 



The Sizes of Tkiploid C. capillaris Plants, the Weight of their Achexes 



AND Percentage of Good Seeds, as Compared with the Normal 



Diploid Sister Plants op the Same Species 



Data of Miss Gerassimova. 



Triploids Diploids 



(average of 33) (average of 11) 



Height of tlio i)lants 88.2 cm. 69,7 cm. 



Weight of 100 achenes 0.0439 gr. 0.0354 gr. 



Percentage of good seeds 21.8 65.8 



Besides the enlarged dimensions and reduced fertility the triploid 

 plants were distinguished by their slow but robust growth. The 

 majority of the triploids started to bloom about a month later than 

 the diploid sister plants, although planted at the same time and 

 grown under exactly the same conditions. 



CYTOGENETIC BEHAVIOR OF TRIPLOIDS 



As has been shown above, the triploid plant in spite of its reduced 

 fertility sets enough seeds to produce numerous progeny. All the 

 seeds (149) secured from ojjcn pollination of the original plant of 

 C. capillaris were planlcd and produced 107 i)lants, two of which 

 died. The chromosomal constitution of llic remaining 105 plants is 

 presented in table 2. 



