APPENDIX. 



No. 1. 



WATER TELESCOPES. 



To those of my readers who spend their time at the 

 seaside and are fond of observing living fish and other 

 forms of subaqueous animal life in their wild state, I 

 commend the use of the water telescope. 



This efficacious and cheaply-made instrument is not 

 used so much in this country as its merits deserve. The 

 Norwegian fishermen are constantly in the habit of 

 employing it in their herring and cod fisheries, and 

 often thereby discover shoals of fish that would other- 

 wise escape their nets. On the surface of the water in 

 the sea and also in most rivers there is generally a 

 ripple, which prevents the bottom being seen ; it is to 

 get rid of this ripple that the water-glass is so useful. 

 There are three forms of water-glass, namely, an ordi- 

 nary bucket or barrel with the bottom knocked out ; 

 secondly, a piece of tin of a funnel shape, about three 

 feet long and nine inches diameter at the broad (or 

 bottom) end, and large enough at the top to accommo- 

 date the observer's eyes — into the broad end should be 

 inserted a plate of strong glass and some lead to weigh 

 it down ; thirdly, the simplest way is to get a tin or 

 zinc tube like a map case. This should be about three 

 and a half feet long and three inches in diameter. The 

 bottom of this also should have glass and be weighted. 

 When the water is clear this instrument will enable the 



