ISO AMERICAN FORESTRY 



as the forest reserves are established fold: First they would be kept to- 



and a force organized, the forests will gether in a community, which is the 



be protected against Caingins as against way they like to live ; secondly, the 



other destructive agencies. haphazard, hit-or-miss element of the 



Cogan or grass lands cannot be util- ignorant individual picking out a piece 



ized until the government clears up the of land would be obviated. Of course, 



invalid Cacique claims to it. This could this would also enable the Cogan lands 



be done by a properly-collected land to be settled up where cultivating them 



tax, which would immediately cause did not involve too much hardship, 



them to drop their claims, because the In utilizing the forests the most 



land is of no use to them and they are astounding progress has been made 



all land-poor ; or, preferably, by lay- from a lumbering point of view. From 



ing off the whole of the islands into the silvicultural point of view, it is un- 



townships, sections, quarter-sections, fortunate that conditions have forced 



and forties, as with the public domain in the bureau to open up the forests so 



the United States, and making every- rapidly before more was known about 



body prove up his claim. how to cut them. But, considered 



The attempts at making a survey of broadly, the opening up of the forests, 

 the islands have so far been worse than though perhaps not such a rapid open- 

 futile. They have consisted in maps ing, is the essential preliminary to their 

 of occasional isolated small fields made future management, without which 

 by the Bureau of Lands, for the pur- nothing can be done, so that the amount 

 pose of marking the boundaries, each of loss sufifered in the beginning will 

 map being made separate, so that it be more than repaid in the end. 

 will be impossible to tie them together. For the control of logging opera- 

 This is costing considerable sums of tions, certain logging rules have been 

 money, which is all wasted, because the laid down by the bureau in each case, 

 work will eventually have to be done so as to do as little injury to the forest 

 all over again. The only solution of as possible. For example, the rules for 

 this problem — a solution suggested by the Cadwallader concession in Bataan 

 men who have been in the islands for Province, on Manila Bay, are in sub- 

 some time and have given the matter stance as follows: 

 considerable thought — is for the gov- 

 ernment to "grasp the bull by the General, for agricultural and non- 

 horns" and have the United States Geo- agricultural land. 



logical Survey send a partv over to do i- Forest on land below 500 feet ele- 



it properly, once for all. this was ad- vation can be cut clean, because this 



vocated by President Roosevelt in a ^^"^1 is considered agricultural, 



special message to Congress, but the -■ Timber cut, used, or wasted in 



commission refused to have it done, violation of the cutting rules,, or forest 



perhaps because they thought they could legulations, is to be paid for. 



do it without outside help. 3- Tops, etc., are to be used for fire- 



For the regulation of the taking up wood wherever practical, 



of homesteads, a sound scheme, sug- 4- Felling is to be done with saws as 



gcstcd by a member of the Bureau of far as possible. 



Forestry, is that certain bodies of lancT .t ^^o trees arc to be left lodged, 



suitable for cultivation should be se- (^. No stumps are to be higher than 



lectcd by the Bureau of Forestry and the principal buttress, or, without but- 



notifications sent around to the people tresses, than the diameter of the tree on 



of the neighborhood, so as to give any- the stump. 



body desiring a homestead a chance to 7. Defective logs with fiftv per cent 



send in an application. Then all these or more of clear, sound timber shall be 



applicants could be moved bodily onto utilized. 



the land. The advantages of this scheme 8. Minor products shall be gathered 



to the people themselves would be two- if possible. 



