1912] Lipman : Bacteria in Soils of Arid Begions 5 



Soil No. 4. Sandy alluvial loam, from Davis, California. Samples ob- 

 tained in almond orchard at the University Farm. This soil is not nearly 

 so coarse as soil No. 3 and shows a more uniform texture throughout a 

 seven-foot depth, but after that becomes coarser in texture. It is better 

 supplied with humus and nitrogen than soil No. 3 and is well supplied 

 with potash, phosphoric acid, and lime. 



Soil No. 5. Alluvial loam, from Davis, California. Samples obtained 

 in a pear orchard at the University Farm. The soil is uniformly of a 

 fine sandy loam texture for a depth of nearly five feet and then rapidly 

 becomes much coarser than the soil at similar depths in No. 3. The upper 

 soil is well supplied with potash, phosphoric acid, and lime, and fairly well 

 supplied with humus and nitrogen. The lower layers are rather poor in 

 phosphoric acid, humus and nitrogen. 



Soil No. 6. Fine silty soil, from Hanford, California. Samples taken 

 from a vineyard at Hanford, from the first to the ninth foot only. No 

 sampling was done below the ninth foot because of the fact that the water- 

 table was reached at about that point and it was almost impossible to get 

 samples uncontaminated. This soil is almost devoid of humus and contains 

 but little nitrogen, but is fairly well supplied with phosphoric acid, potash, 

 and lime. No alkali is present in the soil. 



Soil No. 7. Silty alluvial loam, from Davis, California. Samples taken 

 at the University Farm, close to a young eucalyptus tree, about twenty 

 months old. The soil is fairly uniform in texture throughout the entire 

 depth studied and is fairly w^ell supplied with humus and nitrogen, and 

 well supplied with phosphoric acid, potash, and lime. No alkali is present. 



Soil No. 8. Alkali soil from Tulare, California. Taken only to a depth 

 of ten feet, owing to water conditions such as those described in soil No. 6. 

 This soil contains very little humus and is strongly impregnated with salts, 

 especially "black alkali." It is otherwise well supplied with phosphoric 

 acid, potash, lime, and the other minerals. Hardly any vegetation can exist 

 on this soil after the salts have risen to the upper layers. 



Soil No. 9. A very stiff and tenacious silty clay adobe, from Imperial, 

 California. Uniform in texture from the surface down to the eighth foot, 

 at which there is found a layer of fine sand for a foot and a half in 

 depth and then a silty sand below to the twelve-foot depth. The soil 

 throughout is almost devoid of humus and contains but very little nitrogen. 

 It is very rich, however, in phosphoric acid, potash, and lime. The upper 

 layers of the soil consist of particles of silt and clay which are so fine 

 as to become cemented together into an extremely hard, refractory material, 

 which is almost of the consistency of a dry, but not heated, brick. A 

 considerable quantity of common salt is present in this soil. This soil has 

 never been cultivated or cropped. 



Soil No. 10. Fine, sandy soil from the desert of Coachella Valley. In 

 this, as in the Imperial Valley soils, there are to be found narrow layers 

 of an inch or two, and sometimes more, of very fine shells of former life 

 which existed in the water at one time covering this land. The soil has very 



