76 Univrrsihf of California l'uh!lrafio))s in Bolainj [Vm.. 7 



elsewhere noted in this series of papers, tl)e (piite eliaraeleristie ster- 

 ility of var. giganteum seems to be compensated for by very active 

 vegetative reproduction ])y offsets of the rootstock. In this connec- 

 tion it may l)e recaHed that oval urn, a heavily fruiting species, 

 practical!}' never n'i)rodiices vegetatively. A single rootstock of T. 

 sessile var. giganteum may exhibit from three to six normally tlowering 

 or normal flowerless shoots from the rootstock crown and an ecpial 

 number of offsets of varying ages which may bear either a single, simple, 

 long-petioled leaf, or a small but normally three-parted whorl of 

 leaves, or, moi-e rarely, two opposite leaves. Plate 11 shows two root- 

 stocks, one of which bears a two-leaved shoot from the crown, and 

 the other a single, long-petioled leaf from the same position on the 

 rootstock and in addition a similar leaf from an offset. These forms 

 occur very commonly in California, and the problems connected with 

 their origin and the mode of transition from the simple one-leaved to 

 the three-leaved condition are being investigated in connection with 

 those brought up by the occurrence of undeveloped flowers. 



Trillium undulatum Willd. 



Beattie (1905. p. 40) comments upon the large proportion of two- 

 stemmed plants of this species in Rhode Island and notes an instance 

 of phyllody in one shoot of a two-stemmed individual, while the other 

 shoot apparently was entirely normal. Peck (1878) describes from 

 Oswego, New York, a plant in which there was almost perfect doubling 

 of the number of parts in whorls of leaves and flower parts. 



Deane (1908a, &, and 1910) describes a number of interesting tera- 

 tological specimens and gives important evidence as to the recurrence 

 of such variations in succeeding years. Three abnormal forms in the 

 Gray Herbarium are described. The first Avas apparently normal 

 except that the sepals were greatly enlarged and foliaceous, somewhat 

 corresponding to the forms noted by Beattie (loc. cit.), and the 

 second was octamerous throughout except that there were seven 

 stamens. Deane re-examined the "polymerous" specimen described 

 by Gray (1878) and found it to consist of eight sepals, one Avith a 

 "white petaloid growth on one side," eight petals, "at least twenty 

 stamens," six carpellary divisions of the ovary, and seven leaves, one 

 of which was double. Another plant is described from INIaine Avhich 

 bore four leaves, three sepals, three petals, six stamens, one more or 

 less petaloid, and a one-celled ovary. All parts were normal in shape 



