1916] Goodspeed-Bmndt : Xotes on Trillium 9 



San Francisco County, the western edge of Contra Costa and Alameda 

 counties and northern San Mateo County. The following points seem, 

 in general, to characterize the plants from the region so far as petal 

 color is concerned. First, the strictly pigmentless northern form is 

 not represented; second, the yellow-green color form is not found; 

 and thus, third, every flower is characterized by the presence of red 

 pigmentation on some of its parts. We have here a most remarkable 

 series of color variations, from flowers with petals white to the base 

 but with deep red stamens and pistil to flowers with all the flower 

 parts except anther sacs and stigmatic surfaces of such a deep garnet 

 shade as to appear black (cf. plate 3, figure 6). As has been noted, 

 every significant fiower bears some pigmented parts. Delicate rose 

 pink, violet and even bluish shades are common in this color form. 

 The origin of these three rather sharply distinguishable color 

 forms and their relation to one another is in doubt. The extremely 

 wide variation of the last-mentioned form has suggested original 

 hybridization between the white-flowered northern form and the 

 more heavily pigmented southern forms. There is, however, little 

 doubt that crossing between the plants which at present make up 

 the series does not take place and probably in but very few instances 

 does anything but asexual reproduction increase the number of indi- 

 viduals because of the almost universal occurrence of partial or 

 complete sterility. This wide range of variation in form three may, 

 perhaps, be looked upon as representing normal variation from a 

 pigmented type. Our garden studies of the three color forms give 

 no evidence of variation in color of flowers produced from the same 

 rootstock in different years, and the results of the field studies indicate 

 no variation among the plants vegetatively produced as offsets from 

 a parent rootstock nor variation in color as compared with the parent 

 plant. The complete sterility, indicated by the entire lack of seed 

 production, of the plants in the garden cultures has made it impossible 

 to cross widely separated color forms. We have, as will be noted 

 below, secured seeds of a number of color types of form three which 

 have proved to be viable. There is thus a possibility of obtaining 

 data on the amount of variability of the progeny of a given color form. 

 The three color forms and their varieties taken together may be 

 thought of as the result (1) of an absence of any cell sap pigment 

 or chromatophore color, (2) the presence of anthocyanin derivatives 

 in cell saps of various reactions which may (3) be present in con- 

 nection with red, orange or yellow chromatophores or (4) green 



