wn] Goodspeed : Notes on Trillium 71 



stamens are anther-bearing along their margins, while the inner whorl 

 of stamens and the pistil are normal. 



Bishop (1902) gives cases included under Britcher's plant 103 

 (p. 178) and others in which the peduncle is longer than the stem 

 below the leaves. He refers to other cases showing an extreme length 

 of petiole (Britcher's plant 109, and others, p. 189), and states: "The 

 green-petalled variety is common . . . ^Multiplication of organs is com- 

 mon, in one case extending not only to the petaloid and bractlike 

 forms, but also to the leaves." Davis (1897) reports the examination 

 of a large number of abnormal specimens, among which "the simplest 

 departure was markedly the presence of green stripes in the petals," 

 adding that "this striping was accompanied by a lengthening of the 

 petioles and degeneration of the pistil." He found over fifty indi- 

 viduals in which the leaves were reduced to bracts or had entirely dis- 

 appeared (cf. Britcher, plant 149a, p. 174) and notes that "in such 

 forms the stamens are the most stable of the organs of the flower, 

 only a few reversions to the leaf type occurring, while the pistil was 

 usually sterile, rarely containing ovules, frequently being reduced to 

 the leaf form and sometimes containing well-marked whorls of leaves. ' ' 

 Dickson (1897) describes, from Hamilton, Canada, a long-petioled 

 specimen corresponding to a number of the plants described and fig- 

 ured by Britcher (cf. p. 189). Dudley (1886, p. 99) speaks of 

 "double-flowered specimens" that "have about fourteen parts to the 

 perianth." Gary (1905) describes the long-petioled and green- 

 flowered forms noted by Britcher and mentions a plant tetramerous 

 throughout. ]\frs. Goodrich (cf. Meehans' Monthly, vol. 8, p. 182, 

 1897) reports the common variations found by Britcher from the 

 same locality in which his collections were made. 



Gray (1875a) mentions a long-petioled form with green, striped 

 petals and a plant with similar petals, no leaves and having sepals 

 which were "more foliaceous than is usual and are fully two inches 

 long, quite equalling the petals." These plants were from St. Louis, 

 IMichigan, and compare to individuals found later by Britcher. Gray 

 (1875&) notes still other forms described by Britcher and says that 

 they suggest large specimens of T. nivale because of their long-petioled 

 leaves, but that they are sharply distinguished from this latter species 

 by "the acute base and acuminate apex of every leaf." Hankensen 

 (1870) describes plants of the Syracuse type from Newark, New York, 

 and lays emphasis upon the fact that plants without leaves apparently 

 have larger, foliaceous sepals. In this connection, attention might be 



