April 2, 1883.] 



THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 



791 



Census of Plants. 



Plants in the Tfityseries. — Ledgeriana, 820,700 (including 

 3,750 cuttings and 13,000 grafts) ; succirubra, 198,300 ; offi- 

 cinalis, 18ti,800 : total, 1,205,800. 



F/ants in the O/jch,— Ledgeriana, 694,900 (including 85,000 

 cuttings and grafts, and besides the more or less 6,000 

 original Ledgerianas) ; Oalisaya and Hasskarliana, 445,500 ; 

 succirubra and and caloptera, 474,500; officinalis, 475,500; 

 lancifolia, 9,000: total, 2,099,400. Grandtotal, 3,305,200. 



Review of the Alkaloid Analyses of Java Cinchona 

 Bark Perfoemed during 1882. 



9 

 10 



11 



12 



13 



14 

 1.5 

 10 

 17 



18 

 19 

 20 

 21 

 22 

 23 

 24 

 2S 

 26 

 27 

 28 

 29 

 30 

 31 

 32 

 33 

 .34 

 35 

 3tj 

 37 

 38 

 39 

 40 

 41 

 42 

 43 

 44 

 45 

 46 

 47 

 48 

 49 

 60 

 SI 

 6: 



53 



64 



66 



66 



57 



51^ 



69 



60 



61 



62 



6:i 



64 



6.5 



66 



67 



\'ariety of C'inchoua. 



with hybrid appearance 



C. Led; 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 



do 

 . sue, 



do 



do 



do renewed bark 

 C. ,roseph. 

 C. offic. 

 do 

 do 

 do 



do hybrid appearance 

 C cord. 



lo 



lo 



& 



do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 



do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 



original tree no. 



grafted on C.Joseph. 



do C. succirubra 



do do 



ilo do 



twif; and branch bark, 

 do 



do 

 do 

 do 



do 

 do 

 do 



do 

 du 



do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 

 do 



5-94 

 946 

 11-64 

 10-02 

 10-64 

 7-02 

 9-20 

 12-05 

 10-90 

 11-89 

 11-40 

 8-76 

 12-29 

 10-26 

 10-68 

 8-54 

 9-79 

 7-25 

 10-68 

 10-71 

 746 

 12-.-i7 

 11-75 

 8-91 

 7-74 

 4-52 

 11-10 

 2-78 

 8-.5.-i 

 7-59 

 3-00 

 2-36 

 8.32 

 2-08 

 10-33 

 4-38 

 2-27 

 2-97 

 8-82 

 9-26 

 6-90 

 4-89 

 4-52 

 5-59 

 2-67 

 4-38 

 3-18 

 3-91 

 3-31 

 2-64 

 2-07 

 1-15 

 2-35 

 2-81 

 1-65 

 1-.58 

 1-76 

 2-21 

 0-74 

 1-90 

 3-93 

 4-94 

 7-42 

 2-77 

 1-79 

 2-64 

 2-70 



1-00 

 4-98 



1-55 

 2-82 



3-77 



2-49 

 4-71 

 0-47 



1-24 

 1-63 



6-14 

 6-69 

 6-65 

 1-91 

 0-21 

 1-19 

 1-61 

 2-61 



i-84 

 0-47 

 0-41 

 0-60 



0-07 



0-09 

 0-29 

 1-02 

 0-02 



0-13 

 0-07 



0-20 



o-u 



0-08 

 0-97 

 0-07 

 0-16 



6-.55 

 0-.50 

 0-31 



u d O c4 



' !! 



1-60 

 1-22 

 0-80 

 0-76 

 0-92 

 0-49 

 0-96 

 1-19 

 0-97 

 1-17 

 1-02 

 0-96 

 1-14 

 0-84 

 0-95 

 1-12 

 1-60 

 2-35 

 2-37 

 1-32 

 2-10 

 1-24 

 1-06 

 1-96 

 2-27 

 3-35 

 1-70 

 2-63 

 2-26 

 2-.39 

 1-67 

 3-37 

 1-45 

 2-32 

 2-75 

 1-93 

 1-60 

 3-70 

 0-60|0-60 



0-31 

 0-70 

 1-46 



0-66 

 0-30 

 1-01 



0-79 0-98 

 0-87 0-83 

 1-67 

 1-92 

 1-71 

 1-79 

 1-54 

 2-07 

 1-35 

 1-24 

 1-70 

 1.34 



2-53 

 2-91 

 3-86 

 2-80 

 1-95 



1 .37 

 1-4.5 

 1-13 

 0*65 

 0-73 



0-66 



2-69 



1-03 



1-35 



1-99 



4-62 



2-74 



3-10 



9-67 

 10-68 

 12-34 

 10-79 

 11-56 

 7-51 

 10-16 

 13-24 

 11-87 

 13-06 

 12-43 

 9-72 

 13-43 

 11-10 

 11-63 

 10-06 

 11-39 

 9-60 

 13-05 

 12-03 

 9-.5S 

 13-61 

 12-81 

 10-87 

 10-01 

 8-87 

 12-80 

 10-39 

 10-79 

 9-98 

 612 

 8-.55 

 9-77 

 8-17 

 13-08 

 8-80 

 8-.58 

 7-21 

 10-02 

 10-23 

 7-90 

 7-36 

 7-.53 

 8-82 

 4-43 

 6-59 

 5-91 

 5-90 

 4-85 

 4-71 

 3-55 

 2-76 

 4-05 

 4-35 

 11-69 

 12-63 

 12-30 

 7-60 

 3-74 

 3-8;i 

 9-20 

 8-65 

 8-93 

 6-60 

 7-43 

 8-29 

 6-71 



Rem AUKS.— No9. 1 to 6 descendants of No. 23. Mo. 7 desccndaut 

 of No. 23 ten trees mixed. Nos. 8 to 15 descendant of No. 38. No. 

 16 di-Niciidaut of ten trees mixed. No. 17 descendant of unnum- 

 bered tree good type. No. 18 descendant of viunumbered trees. 

 Nos. 19 to 23 descendants of No. 23. Nos. 23 toil descejidanls of un- 

 numbered frees. Nos 2-i to 32 broad-leaved vigorous growing trees 

 succirubra-like. Nos. 33 to 3-'' de-^cendant ofs No. 23 snccirnlira-Iike 

 Nos. 36to38 de^ceudaut 'I of No38. No. 40 harvest shavings three years 

 reneired. No, 42 scion of mother tree No, 89, sample of 21 trees 2 year 



bark. No 43 scion of unpicked trees .leaves red on the underside ; bark 

 of ten trees 2g years old. No. 44 ac:on of unpicked trees, bark of 

 9 thret! year old trees. Nos. 45 to 54 harvest. The bark of young 

 brancilcs and |t wigs mixed. Nos. 55 to 57 stems on whicli the Le Igcr- 

 iauas, analysi-s 12-44, are grafted. No 58 harvest. No 59 stem on which 

 the Ledgeriiiiui, analysis 41, is grafted. No 60 bark of sboots 

 from stumped trees. No 61 root bark of the stumps. No 63 very 

 narrow leaved variety. No 64 renewed bark of the tri-e to which 

 analysis 18 of Issl refers. Nos. 65 to 66 stem bark of ten year old 

 trees. No. 66 do, No 67 branch bark of do. 



ARECANUTS. 

 The followiug notes by a Ceylon planter are of 

 interest at a time when Areca ciUtivation is engiging 

 the attention of Europeans ; — 



Oeylon Vakieties,— Three — besides a -vfild (indigenous ?) 

 variety, wilh a red.blossom, Wz. the common or .Sinhalese, 

 the Hamban, and the Rata Puwak ! The fruit of the lat- 

 ter will not stand curing, but, used fresh, is preferred by 

 the better classes amongst the natives, and commands a 

 high price in oousecjuence locally, but the demand would 

 probably prove limited. There are still some doubts 

 whether or not the Hamban Puwak, though it cau be, 

 and is, cured is sufficiently close-grained to keep long 

 enough, or suitable for export; but if so it may be regarded 

 as a superior variety, judging by the size of the nut. 

 Both the above come into bearing earher than the Sinhal- 

 ese Puwak. The latter however is a heavier bearer; the 

 nut very close-grained, aud consequently keeps well when 

 cured — representing the bulk at least of present e.\ports. 

 Nevertheless in competition with foreign varieties it com- 

 mands the lowest price in the Bombay market! 



Other Kinds. — The "Mysore" — -worth coiisi.lerably 

 more than the Ceylon nut; aud the " Sliriwardhun, " which 

 is said to realize about twice as much as any other — or 

 about three times the value of any exportetl from here 

 at present! This is according to Simmonds' "Tropical Agri- 

 culture " — aud confirmed by receut correspoiidcnoe. It 

 stands curing equally well, judging by samples of the 

 cm'ed ni'.t received from Bombay. The former (Mysore) 

 species is cultivated to some extent by the priests in 

 parts of S. India ; and is also used as a ^hade tree for 

 cardamoms. The latter is grown at present only in a small 

 native state_ called Sliriwardhun. 



There are a great many other varieties to be found in 

 various parts of the east, but I am not aware that they 

 are any of them worthy of special notice. .Java has a 

 very large kind, said to be identical with the Hamban 

 Puwak. 



Yield.— I have counted about 1,000 nuts on each of 

 the Ceylon species; aud good trees of the Sinhalese Pu- 

 wak are said to give considerably more than this during 

 the year. Under favorable couditiuus of soil aud climate, 

 300 nuts annually is believed a safe average to calculate 

 on. 



The Hambau and Rata Puwaks come into bearing in 

 the 4th to 5th year, a year or so earlier than .Sinha- 

 lese. " But this with all of them depends greatly on 

 both soil and climate. In a very poor soil the plants 

 makes but slow growth at first, but develop into good 

 and fruitful trees eventually, possibly, equally with legum- 

 inous pl.-ints, possessing the power as they grow old 

 of ilrawing nourishment largely from the atmosphere. 

 Anyhow they have the merit of thriving amongst an 

 undergrow-fh of weeds, so that but rough attention 

 to the latter is a necessity — and I have strong doubts 

 f clean weeding is beneficial to them ! Both tree 

 and fruit soem free from eueinius of any kind, save 

 man ; and a property when once established — as pointed 

 out by a sagacious headman — has the merit uf making 

 itself jjermancnt ; young trees from the nuts tliat have been 

 allowed to drop (-ontinuously coming on to supply the place 

 of those that hav become worn out or unfruitful, and they 

 should tien be cut down. The trees continue to bear full 

 crop till ab'Ut th.ir twentieth year (after which the sample 

 is also apt to degenerate seriously), and the yield is usually 

 very regulir. 



Statistics. — I'lio trees admit of elofe planting — fi' x 6' 

 (or — as 1 should prefer them — li' x 3' ; and peibais better 

 still, in rft)«Wt-cui«d avenues of21' x 3' m 3') — or say 1,200 

 trees per acre, not being at all too close. U lakes on an 

 average 12,000 cured uuts to one cwt. At 300 per tree, the 



