May I, 1883.] THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 925 



The trees of C. Ledgeriana barked at Hakgala at the same time were small and not three 

 years old. The local analyses of this bark showed 2-63 per cent, of quinine sulphate and 4"53 

 total alkaloids. A number more of these remain at Hakgala, but are dying out steadily; the high 

 elevation (over 5,000 feet), shallow soil and wet sub-soil are insurmountable obstacles to the culti- 

 vation of this species. Taking these local disadvantages into consideration, the above analysis of 

 such young trees is satisfactory. 



Two plants of " Hard Carthagena" bark were received from Kew in September. One of 

 these succumbed to the voyage and was dead on arrival, and the other nearly so, but Mr. Nock has 

 succeeded in saving it, and there are now three plants at Hakgala. Several varieties of this were 

 collected by Cross in 1878, the best at Coralis luza, in the district of the Magdaleaa, at 7,000 feet 

 elevation. An analysis of the bark by Howard showed : — 



QuiuiuG ... 1'88 



Ciuchouidine ... I'18 



Quinidine ... 'IS 



Ciuchouine ... •11 



Total ... 4-75 



It appears to be an undescribed species or variety, occupying, according to Howard, a sort 

 of intermediate position between C. cordifoUa and C. Calisaya with points of resemblance to 

 C. jnirpiirea. Markham refers it without hesitation (and without evidence) to C. cordifolia. It 

 seems different from the C. cordifolia (also from Carthagena) of the Java plantations received 

 from Mr. Moens last year. 



To the Madras Government I am indebted for seeds of C. jntai/ensls received from Doda- 

 betta in March. It germinated well. This affords " Pitayo" bark, remarkable as the chief source 

 of quinidine. It also is a native of New Grenada (Pitayo is near Popayan) and is a remarkably 

 distinct species with long calyx-teeth and the corolla hairy inside. Mr. Moens has analyzed* the 

 bark of one of the Dodabetta trees, ten years old, with the following result : — 



Quinine ... 2-49 



Cinchonidine ... 



Quinidine ... 2-10 



Cinchonine ... 2-52 



Amorphous ... 0-58 



7-69 



It is thus seen to be a valuable species, and is said to be very hardy. 



Seed of two sorts from Jamaica has been received through Kew, — of the " Jamaica hybrid," 

 which appears quite the same as the hybrid rohunta glabra of Ceylon (whence the seed was pro- 

 bably sent), and of " Calisaya No, 1," which is just an ordinary sort of no special value. 



Several varieties of "C. Calisaya alleged to be of first-rate importance have been recently 

 obtained direct from South America. I am indebted to Mr. J. C. Roberts, of Udagama, for a little 

 "morada" seed lately received by him. This was sent to Hakgala in September, and there are 

 over 200 seedlings, but Mr. Nock thinks it too cold for them there. To Mr. T. Christy, of London, 

 we owe seed of the " verde" variety from Bolivia (received in February), and this germinated well. 

 Mr. Holmes, of the Pharmaceutical Society, matches the leaves with the var. oblonglfolia of Wed- 

 dell. Of both these it is as yet too soon to pronounce as to their type, whether mere calisayaa or 

 the much more valuable, and as I think quite distinct, C. Ledgeriana. 



After much trouble, seed has been obtained at Kew of the " Cvipra Qaina" tree affording 

 the " Cuprea" bark imported during the last two or three years to the London market {vid New 

 York) in such vast quantities. A little of this seed has been sent to me ; it was collected from 

 trees growing between .5,000 and 6,000 feet at Landasugi, in the State of Santander (U. S. Columbia), 

 and sent from Bogota. No time was lost by me in forwarding this to Hakgala, but I regret to 

 say that only two seeds germinated, of which one subsequently died, so that we have now hut a 

 single seedling of this interesting plant. Mr. Triana has identified the Cuprea-bark trees as species 

 of Remijla, a genus nearly allied to Cinchona, so that it is no longer possible to consider the febri- 



* Quarterly Report of Java Cinchona Enterprize ; July, 188L 

 117 



