iao 



THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 



[October i, 1882, 



Steeling Value of above Totals and their Percentage 

 to the total exports of the empire, 



1851-52 

 1859-60 

 1867-68 

 1875-76 

 1876-77 

 1877-78 

 1878-76 

 1879-80 



Exchange of 

 d. 



271 

 25i 

 2bi 

 27 



^^ 

 24 



21 



22f 



Sterling. 

 £ 



3,733,655 

 0,29:^,368 

 7,821,735 

 13,180,716 

 10,8»o.451 

 11,469,291 

 10,550,200 



To Total 

 Exports, 



per cent. 

 48-86 

 53-21 

 43-45 

 61-31 

 54-08 

 61-21 

 63-94 



Stehling Value of the Whole Expokts of Kio and 



Samtos and their Percentage of the Total Exports 



OF THE Empire. 



Rio 



1851-52 



1859-60 

 1867-68 

 1875-76 

 1876-77 

 1877-78 

 1878-79 

 1879-80 



de Janeiro. 



4,180,716 



5,933,850 



7,x77,:>30 



11,316,603 



10,315,a00 



9,;i33,9-l6 



9,2-0,270 



10,566,800 



Total. 



£ 



4,442,427 



6,747,770 



8,779,860 



14,045,836 



12,463,040 



12,022,396 



12,045,449 



13,377,270 



Per cent. 



58-16 

 57-06 

 48-78 

 65-34 

 62-75 

 64-17 

 66-(;7 

 70-67 



S.mto.g. 

 £ 

 262,711 

 813,920 

 901,930 



2,729.173 



2,147,7^0 



2,788,450 



2,766,179 



2,810,470 



It -will be observed that, -while, in the seventeen years 

 between 1851-52 and 1878-79, the value of coffee ex- 

 ported from Rio, the chief port of Brazil (we take 

 the rail at 28), rose from £3,105,000 to .£10,091,000, 

 or somewhat more than treble ; in the case of Santos 

 (the port of Sao Paulo, in which province slave lab- 

 our has recently been concentrated), the increase 

 has been from £152,399 to £3,108,000, an increase 

 of no less than 2,U00 per cent ! The total increase in 

 the exports from the two chief ports of Brazil in 

 the seventeen years, calculated strictly in stei-ling, 

 was from £3,733,655 to £10,550,200, or at the rate of 

 nearly 30U per cent. (In consequence of high prices, 

 the value in 1875-76 was no less than £13,180,716.) The 

 proportion of coffee from the two ports to total ex- 

 ports, rose from nearly 49 per cent in 1851-52 to 

 64 per cent in 1878-79 ; so that coffee from other 

 ports with sugar, cotton, and all other articles ex- 

 ported, only made up 36 per cent, or somewhat over 

 one-thii-d, against nearly two-tliirds for coffee alone 

 from Rio and Santos. Of course, other products, 

 besides coffee, go from Rio and Santos, and when 

 the value of these is counted the exports from the 

 two gi-eat ports make up 70-67 per cent of the whole 

 export trade of the Empire. The preponderance of 

 coffee is overshado-wing, but the concentration latterly 

 of nearly all available capital and labour on this one 

 product has been good neither for Brazil nor for the 

 rest of the world — except, perhaps, to the consumers 

 of coffee — or mixtures of which coffee forms (more 

 or less) an ingredient. Coffee, in truth, has been 

 overdone in Brazil, as tea is likely to be in India. 



"MOt;HA" COFFEE. 



The following, from the official report on the trade 



of India just publisbed, deals ai. other blow at the farce 



of so-called "Mocha":—" Semiing Indian Coff'te, to 



Arab a seems like sendmg coals to Newcastle, but the 



export 18 largely inci-easiiig ;— 



Years ended March 31st 



1876-77 



1877.78 



1878-79 



1879 80 



1880-Sl 



Apart from such portion of 



required for local cousumption, 



ficieucy caused by the export of the more valuable 

 Arabian Coffee, nud by tbe drought which for the last 

 two years has more or less affected tbe Arabian Coffee- 



to supph meut the de- 



growing districts, it would seem to be the fact that, as 

 stated in a previous review, this Coffee is made up for 

 sale as Arabian Coffee— genuine Mooha. " 



The same Return has the following remarks on the 

 general Indian Coffee production: — "There was a 

 fairly large increase in the quantity exported, but a 

 decreai-e in price and consequently of value. Rather 

 over half of the whole exports were sent to England, 

 and 133,736 cwt. to France. Of the rest, the greatest 

 part was sent to Arabia, Persia, Turkey in Asia, and 

 Egypt (36,217 cwt. in all), or about a ten'h of the total 

 exports. In addition to the quantity exported from 

 British India, we should include 10,624 cwt. exported 

 from tbe native states of Travancore and Cochin to 

 arrive at the total exports of Indian Coffee in the year. 

 They would thus amount to 379,981 cwt. Coffee Plant- 

 ers have been neglecting their business in a very unfort- 

 unate way for many months past, and have given their 

 attention to speculations in land in conneciion with the 

 craze for gold mining, which is sure to cause heavy 

 losses with, what is worse, di.«credit of really sound 

 Indian speculations by English capitalists. There were 

 in 1880, 198.3-29 acres under Coffee cultivation in India, 

 of which 106,036 were in Myeoi-e and Coorg, and 

 73,587 acres in the Wjuaad and other parts of the 

 Madras presidency, the total outturn being stated at 

 33,100,7781b.— Proi^Mcc Markets' Review. 



COFFEE PROSPECTS IN COORO, (S. INDIA). 



Wercara, 12tli August. —There was some uneasi- 

 ness felt by planters that the supply of Canarese 

 labour for the coffee estates would this year be limited 

 and in that case be the occassion of much loss : for 

 witli the construction of the Mysore State Railway, 

 and the lai-ge pay offered to coolies by the many 

 newly opened Cold Mining Companies, there was felt 

 to be much fear of attrnction. But it is not the case, 

 for labour has never beeu more abundant than at the_ 

 present time, and, as oue quick-thoughted planter re- 

 marked, they just jostle one another. Add to this the 

 country to the west of Mysor^', from which our labour 

 is drawn, has not for many years been favored with 

 such a copious rainfall, whereby all the fields for 

 cultivation, without exception are now and have been 

 ploughed and sown with grain, which gives the villag- 

 ers more work to do. Yet withal that, the supply 

 ia plentiful. An old Ceylon planter settled here has 

 this year brought into Coorg about three hundred 

 labourers from Salem or thereabouts ; these men are 

 giving satisfaction in their work. They offer a con- 

 trast in their feeding, they being omnivorous, to the 

 upright Canarese coolies, who may be classed as 

 graminivorous. The coffee crop will not be so lirge 

 as that of the past year, there having been a very 

 great failure of the spring showers which instead of 

 happening at the proper period of Mareh when the 

 ground was parched, and the trees only waiting for 

 a timely shower to fall on them, to burst with renewed 

 vigor and strength into blossom : the nky remained 

 unclouded until May whereby the buds or spikes 

 were scorched upon the trees ; and when the rain 

 did fall, and what blossom was remaining to come 

 out, did shew forth the rains and high winds of a very 

 early monsoon which quickly d' stroyed the greater part 

 of tliat. In South Coorg the crop prospects are much 

 more favorable, and another bumper season is hoped 

 for, the berries are of good substance and well for- 

 ward, there having been sufficient rain in March to 

 bring out and set the blossom there. That striving 

 pest, the borer, which for two or three years has 

 been partly quiescent, is now causing havoc among 

 the well-stocked and largely hearing trees : and upm 

 several estates on difficult patches, from three to seven 

 hundred trees in an acre have been dug out ; and 

 j now that there is a b'eak in the weatherj they are 



