656 



THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 



[February i, 1883. 



in En^'laud say that the difficulties have been ex- 

 aggerated—that, in fact, no difficulties exist. The diffi- 

 culties in quinine manufacture only begin with the 

 separation and crystallization of the alkaloids. The 

 extractmg of the alkaloids alone is a very easy opera- 

 tion and a comparatively short one. I believe that, 

 when the present unexampled financial tension in 

 Ceylon is removed, such a factory will be estab- 

 lished and no nobler work could be carried out by 

 the Ceylon millionaire, Mr. de Soyza. It would give 

 a handsome return of capital and would steady and 

 maintain the price of Ceylon bark and help to in- 

 crease the consumption by cheapening the article and 

 placing it within the reach of the suffering and poor 

 masses of the world. ^'t^',^' 



[As regards the future market for Cinchona Bark, we 

 place a good deal of dependence on the opinion attri- 

 buted to the Messrs. Howard, that for average and 

 good barks (suited for quinine manufacture) no mate- 

 rial decline on average prices need be feared for four 

 or five years to come. — Ed.] 



NOTES ON THE STKAITS SETTLEMENTS. 



LErcER No. 2 :- The State of Perak and Progre.ss 



OF Cultivation— Hi.STORY of the Government 



EXPERIMEXTAL MOUNTAIN GARDEN 



FROM August 1880 until 

 August 1882. 

 This estate was opened up by Mr. C. F. Bozzolo, 

 Superintendent, in August ISSO, at an elevation of 

 three thousand five hundred feet above the level of 

 the sea. Mr. Low, the Resident of Perak, selected this 

 beautiful site for an experimental garden, but the 

 "garden" is a misnomer, insofar ihat the garden so- 

 calliJd has developed into a valu.ible coffee, tea, and 

 cinchona (Ledg. r) estate of over one hundred acres, 

 inclusive of the adjoining experimental garden, or say 

 about one hundred and twenty acres in all, very 

 great credit beicg due to the Superintendent for 

 bis undaunted perseverance and untiring energy in 

 battling with difficulties almost imijossible to describe. 

 Ho came here in August IPSO, and literally had to 

 cut his way to the mountain-top, with Chinese and 

 Malays, lived in a small leaf hut, and has built a 

 perfect palace oi a bungalow for superintendents and 

 lately used for a fortniKht by the family of His 

 Excellency Sir Fredrick Weld.-Governor of the Straits 

 Settlements. 



To comprehend the magnitude of the good work 

 completed tlie following catalogue will explain the 

 area, nature of cultivated products and seeds intro- 

 duced recently and extensive nurseries f coffee, tea 

 and cinchona "of valuable and rare varie t introduced 

 from Government gardens and private . dividuals : — 

 Cataxogue of Plants on Government Estates. 

 No. 



1 Coffea Arabica. Under two years old, 4J feet and in 

 bearing 52,0011. 



2 Coft'ea Liberies. A great success, 4 feet high, 1,200. 



3 Hybrid Assam tea, 20,000 put out and 18,000 ready. 



4 Cinchona Ledgeriana from Java, 526 planted, 2,524 in 

 nursery. 



5 Cinchona Ledgeriana from Ci'jion per Mr. Swettenham, 



676 planted. 



6 Yiirrow from Ceylon per Mr. Low. In nursery, doing 



well. 



7 Cinchona Ledger, 2nd supply from Java, R. B. G., 



doing well. 



8 Cinchona Ledger per Hon. Mr. Read, Singapore, 

 doing well. 



9 Succirubra, per Java Government, B. G., for grafting 

 • doing well. . . 



10 C. cordifoba do do geroiinating. 



11 C. lancifolia do do do 



12 0. ofBoinalis do do do 



13 Calisaya Javanica do do do 



14 Calisaya Josephina or Schubkraft; doinar well. 



15 Cinclioiia Morada : — Introduced by J. Coryton Rob- 

 erts from South America and presented by Mr. Karslake 

 of Madulsima to H. Cottara tor the Perak Gardens. (Sown 

 in box.) 



16 C. Jsuocirubra from Karslake to Cottam for the Perak 

 Gardens. 



17 Acclimatized Ledgeriana from Hall to Cottam for the 

 Perak Gardens, 



18 Pani Rubber per Mr. Low about 3i feet high. 



19 Oeara Rubber do 4 to 8 feet Catherine 

 Gardens. 



20 Pepper (black) from cuttings. Doing well. 



21 Tobacco, growing wild, good quahty. 



•22 Cocoa per Mr. Low, 4 feet high and healthy. 



23 Pines of varietivse best queens, Kew and Mauritius. 



24 Strawberry plants of best kinds bearing. 



25 Grape vines, growing freely and given 1 grape. 



Catalogue of Fruit-trees in Government Gardens. 



No. 



1 Manilla mango, per Mr. Low, 9 feet high and healthy. 



2 Zulu breadfruit do 9 feet do 



3 Pumelo or shaddock, Bombay, 610 feet do 



4 Oranges per Mr. Low's Labuan Garden, 6 feet do 



5 Limes, indigenous, 3 feet high do 



6 Lemons, per Mr. Low's Labuan Garden, 3 feet. 



7 Fig-trees from England per Mr. Low, C feet. Dozen 

 varieties. 



Coconut palms planted on Lady Weld's Road. 

 Peaches, per Mr. Low, 3 or 4 feet in height. 

 Apricots, do do do 



Almonds, do do do 



Mangosteen (indigenous) young plants, healthy. 



T . _t- An An An 



9 

 10 

 11 

 12 

 13 

 14 

 15 

 16 

 17 

 18 

 19 

 20 



Lansart do do do 



Rambutan do do do 



Dorian do do do 



Plum from England do do 



Jak, indigenous do do 



Jungoos do do do 

 Plantains and bananas of great variety. 

 Bua Dara young plants. 



Catalogue of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. 



No. 



1 Flamboyant, 12 feet in height, and seed contributed 

 handsome shade ; tree scarlet. (To H. Cottam from Mr. 

 W. Ferguson,) 



2 "Peacock," yellow and scarlet. (To H . Cottam from 

 Mr. W. Ferguson.) 



3 Bamboos of vsrieties and China dwarf for fencing. 



4 Ginjing (shade tree) fast growing. 



5 Everlasting tree (Tamil, Mooloo Muringa) Bois 

 Immortelle. 



6 Bolivia scarlet flowering tree from Residency. 



7 Camellia (pink and white China) do 



8 Gardinia (•cultivated and wild) do 

 " Magnolia (from China) do 



Grevillia robusta (H. Cottaio, Ceylon seed). 

 Egyptiiin cotton do do 



Cypress (from Mr. Low's garden). 

 Pea tree of New Caledonia per H. Coitam. 

 Hibiscus rosa sinensis of varieties. 

 Hollyhock, double pink flower. 



10 

 11 



12 

 13 

 14 

 15 



48 roses in the Government Experimental Gardens 

 long list of flowers. There are very many more 

 handsome flowering plants of the orchid and begonia 

 families to be found in the surrounding jungles, ferns, 

 marantas, caladiums, and climbing plants of great 

 beauty to be found in abundance, many kinds differ- 

 ing from Ceylon undergrowth. Some jjarts of hill 

 ranges above Kwala Kang.^a, seventeen miles from the 

 Residency, are perfect natural ferneries and could 

 scarcely be improved in loveliness by removal to any 

 other spot. So dense and variegated growing near 

 water and shaded by gigantic forest and tree ferns 

 and wild palm trees. ... .,, , 



Next come vegetables, and this cuUivation will be 

 extended after other necessary works are well in hand 



