978 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



L1\E OAK FOR SHU' KXLES 



This is a fair and fine specimen of the southern live oak of which the largest ship knees have been 

 made. This particular tree stands within the corporate limits of New Orleans and it is known locally as 

 the "dueling oak." leaving the imagination to conjure up whatever uncanny associations it will, 'lO 

 account for the onitiious name. 



than after the dugout, though 

 both shapes are retained in mod- 

 ern production. The Indian and 

 the white trapper made a frame 

 of light sticks and slats, and over 

 it they stretched the bark form- 

 ing the skin of the vesseL The 

 modern manufacturer makes a 

 frame of slats also, but he makes 

 the shell of his canoe of thin 

 lumber in ])lace of bark, or he 

 may stretch waterproof canvas 

 over a frame and make a colla])- 

 sible boat. The iiKjdern canoe is 

 a little more substantial than the 

 Indian's handiwork, but what the 

 modern canoe gains o\er its pro- 

 totype in substantiability it loses 

 in romance. "The forest life," 

 "with its mystery and magic," of 

 which Longfellow spoke in Hia- 

 watha, is not in the factory canoe 

 as it was in that made of cedar 

 about 1749. The dugout was the primitive ferryboat slats, birch bark, and tamarack roots, by the wild hunters 

 almost everywhere in the eastern region before bridges of the wilderness. 



were built, and made travel on foot possible and assisted The bateau as formerly used in America was a flat- 

 the development of the country. As with the bark canoe, bottomed boat whose chief business consisted in carrying 

 the dugout is seeing its last days and has disappeared merchandise on the rivers and small lakes. The name 

 except in a few remote districts where a relic may occa- was applied rather loosely to boats of several kinds and 



sionally be seen. A log sizes: but one of the earliest patterns was made by saw- 

 of suitable size and form ing a dugout canoe down the middle from end to end, 

 for an average dugout separating the halves four or five feet, still leaving them 

 would saw from 500 to parallel, and n.iiling boards across to form a bottom. 

 1000 feet of himl)er. ISateaus m;i<le in ihat way carried large loads and some- 

 Dugout canoes were times ventured out to sea for long cruises up and down 

 common in Europe in the coast. Fifty or sixty barrels of flour could be carried 

 very early times, as they at a single load. 



doubtless were in all The bateau is not much spoken of 1)y that name now, 



countries that had suit- but it has been modified, developed, and enlarged until it 

 al)le timber. 



The Indian 

 canoe was valu- 

 able in its (laws. 

 F o r 111 erly the 

 settler or hunter 

 went inio i!u' 

 woods with ;i\, 

 knife, and ad • 

 and made his 

 canoe. T o d a y 

 canoes, and all 

 the light, small 

 boats developed 

 along the same lines, are factory made. The 

 manufacturer selects his wood as carefully as 

 ever the red hunter selected it, and he works it 

 more skilfully and turns out a handsomer prod- 

 uct. The light canoe which is now sold in sport- 

 ing stores is modeled after the bark canoe more 



TllK H.\kK OF WHICH LANOl'.S 

 WERE MADE 



Most Indian canoes in the North 

 were of thin sheets of the bark of 

 paper birch, stretched over frames 

 of wood to hold it in shape. The 

 above picture shows a sliect of this 

 bark. The long lines in the bark 

 are characteristic of this birch, though 

 not peculiar to it. Similar markings 

 may often be seen in cherry b.trk. 



r.\l.lli)l<\l.\ REDWOOD IN Sll I I'lUI IDING 



This splendid steamship is the Seeandbee of the Cleveland and Buffalo Transit 

 Company. It is said to be the largest side-wheel ship in the world. The staterooms, 

 partitions, canvas-covered decks and some other parts are of redwood. The cut is 

 here shown by courtesy of the California Redwood Association. 



