1074 



AMERICAX FORESTRY 



in a more favorable locality. Experience will lielj) a 

 great deal in work of this class, but it must ever be sec- 

 onded by the most indomitable patience on the part of the 

 photographer, in order to attain anything like success. 

 Mind, Figure 7 is not altogether lacking in value from 

 the viewpoint of instruction, as it not only shows the 

 form of the flowers and the number of the petals, hut 

 also the characters of the buds, the shape of the leaves, 

 that these are placed opposite each other on black, branch- 

 ing stems ; finally, as a plant, it generally grows in masses 

 and probably in shady places, — which, by the way, is 

 really the case. 



In the phytophotographic field wc often have to deal 

 with a class of pictures — or produce them rather — that 

 are of a severe scientific type. These need only have a 

 background of the most immaculate white — an effect 

 easily produced by the use of a large sheet of white card- 

 board, placed behind the subject at the time of photo- 

 graphing it, or what is still more effective, a big sheet 

 of soft, white blotting paper. Two things should receive 

 our careful attention in making pictures of this class : 

 the choice of subject and the lighting during the time the 

 exposure is being made. As such pictures are intended 

 for the instruction of botanical students, the subject- 

 plant chosen should exhibit as many of its characters as 

 possible, and the specimens should be as nearly perfect 

 as we can find them. In posing, these structures should 

 all come squarely into view and be seen to the best pos- 

 sible advantage. A very perfect example of this class 

 of phytophotography is reproduced in Figure 8. It is of 

 a fine specimen of our common "Jack-in-the-pulpit," 

 collected shortly after its appearance in the early spring. 

 Needless to say, this result was secured indoors, and 

 with strict observance of all directions set forth in the 

 foregoing paragraphs. The stem-sheath is beautifully 



shown, as are the young leaves just emerging from it. 

 Two fully developed "spathes" are in the picture, and 

 their common characters are well shown in the left-hand 

 one, which is perfect in all its parts. On the right side 

 the emergence of flowers and leaf-stems from the sheath 

 is well shown ; some of the larger leaves are also in 

 evidence, and the form they take on is shown quite 

 distinctly. 



If such a picture as this were used in any work of 

 descriptive botany, it should be supplemented by one or 

 two others, or maybe three. In a previous issue, Ameri- 

 can Forestry has already published the ones referred 

 to, and they are sections of the spathe to show the inter- 

 nal structure ; one to show examples of the extraordinary 

 root this plant possesses and how it varies in dift'erent 

 specimens of the plant, and, finally, the fully developed 

 leaves, with a picture of the ripe fruit. Our common 

 Skunk Cabbage was dealt with in a similar fashion in 

 American Forestry, as have quite a number of other 

 representatives of our flora of the Middle Atlantic States. 



Most of our handsomest and more or less exhaustive 

 works upon botanical science — whether general in nature 

 or devoted to restricted areas — employ the last class of 

 illustrations here described, and for very obvious rea- 

 sons. No good student of flowers is benefited by having 

 the pictorial side of the works he is studying obscured 

 by hazy, dark backgrounds ; faulty posing and selection 

 of subjects ; obscurity due to the matters of lighting and 

 backgrounds, or to any other class of defects. 



This contribution will not have been written in vain 

 should it induce those making photographic pictures of 

 flowers with the view of publishing them to take heed 

 of some of the pitfalls that occur along the highway to 

 ultimate success in such pursuits, upon which it has been 

 the aim of this article to throw a little helpful light. 



A T a recent meeting of the Board of Regents of the 

 -^*- University of Washington, the name of the College 

 of Forestry was changed to College of Forestry and 

 Lumbering. While the term forestry, when viewed in 

 its broadest sense embraces lumbering, the work at the 

 University of Washington has broadened out so as to 

 cover practically every phase of the lumbering industry, 

 and in this respect differs from practically all other 

 forest schools. 



In addition to the work ordinarily covered in the for- 

 estry curriculum, Washington offers opportunities for 

 specializaVon in general forest products, logging engi- 

 neering, and the business of lumbering, the latter includ- 

 ing new courses in milling and marketing. Expansion 

 along these lines was necessary to meet the needs of the 

 industry in the Pacific Northwest. The courses in logging 

 engineering and forest products have now become thor- 

 oughly established and won recognition in the industry 

 to the extent that the demand for the graduates, par- 

 ticularly in logging engineering, has far exceeded the 

 supply. It is expected that the same will be true in the 

 course covering the business of lumbering as soon as this 

 becomes well established. 



A PROCLAMATION creating the Alabama National 

 -'*- Forest has been signed by the President. About 

 10,500 acres of public lands, in Lawrence and Winston 

 counties, in the northern part of the State, which had 

 been withdrawn from entry, are included in the new 

 National Forest. In addition the Government has pur- 

 chased approximately 12,000 acres and has options on an 

 additional 13,000 acres in the same locality. It is ex- 

 l)ected that, by further purchases, the Forest will eventu- 

 ally be enlarged to include about 150,000 acres. 



/^ N APRIL 3 and 4, at the New National Museum at 

 ^^ Washington, District of Columbia, was organized 

 the American Society of Mammalogists. The policy of 

 the society will be to devote its attention to the study of 

 mammals in a broad way, including life histories, habits, 

 evolution, palaeontology, relation to plants and animals, 

 anatomy and various other phases. The society will 

 publish the Journal of Mammalogy, in which popular 

 as well as technical matter, will be presented. 



PLANT A MEMORIAL TREE 



