386 Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, N. Y. 



as the other, nor do they stint the grafts near so much; so are 

 generally preferred for planting espaliers or dwarfs, being easily 

 kept within the compass usually allotted to these trees. 



" Some persons have also made use of Codlin-stocks, to graft 

 apples upon, in order to make them dwarf; but the fruits which 

 are upon these stocks are not so firm, nor do they last so long; 

 therefore the winter fruits should never be grafted upon these." 



The Dutch Paradise mentioned by Miller is at present unknown 

 in England under that name. From the description given above 

 it would appear that this variety, or class, is the same as the 

 stock now known as Doucin (see page 387). His Paradise apple, 

 on the other hand, is very similar to that which at present is 

 more definitely' termed the French Paradise. The following ex- 

 tract will indicate clearly what the nature of this variety is: 



^'At the same time will be forwarded to that gentleman 500 

 specimens of '■ the dicarf apple of Armenia.' They are all much 

 past the age of puberty, though only 18 inches high. I received 

 them two years ago from Armenia, and they do not appear to 

 have grown at all. They increase slowly in thickness. I have 

 often seen them planted in pots and cases on the terrace in the 

 city of Aleppo, of 40 and 50 years' growth, never exceeding 2 

 feet in height, nor in the thickness of their stems, that of your 

 forefinger, without their ever having been pruned. To test the 

 fact that their diminutiveness was not caused by their being 

 always kept in pots and boxes, I planted out three of full 15 

 years' growth, and after keeping them 18 years in the open 

 ground, found they had made no perceptible progress. I re- 

 marked that they bear best when their roots are cramped. They 

 are very easily propagated, as they make abundant offsets, and 

 take remarkably well from cuttings. Among the trees now sent, 

 there are seventeen which were made from cuttings two years 

 ago; and 10 budded, at the same time, with the Ribston pippin, 

 and other sorts."* By the use of such stocks, plants could easily 

 be grown in pots and set upon the table, as stated by Miller; but 

 they can possess little practical value. 



The French Paradise was known in France as early as the be- 

 ginning of the 15th century. f It was considered as one of the 



* Jour, of the Plort. ISoc, London, 1848, iii. 116. 

 t Kocli. "Die Deutschen Obstgeliolzp," 63. 



