388 Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, N. Y. 



cox by Palas, and may be identical with P. Sieversil of Ledebour,. 

 who found a simihir plant growing in southern Siberia. As the 

 botany of the apple is as present understood, however, the Dou- 

 cin and Paradise, as I have already said, are held to be simply 

 forms of the common apple. 



The Remiette apple [Pommier nain de Rennette). — A third stock, 

 one mentioned by Duhamel,* is rarely named in horticultural 

 writings. Duhamel compared it with the two more common 

 forms: "The Doucin apple forms but a large shrub, the Para- 

 dise rises to a less height, while the Rennette apple scarcely 

 exceeds a gilly flower in size; and thus it is that the size and 

 the habit of apples vary with the different forms." 



The Rennette of Duhamel seems to resemble the Paradise, and 

 also the " Apple of Armenia " mentioned on page 386. The 

 characters which distinguish the Paradise from the Doucin, the 

 Doucin from the Codlin, the Codlin from the Crab, and the Crab 

 from our named cultivated varieties, are bv no means satisfac- 

 tory or reliable. One form gradually approaches another as re- 

 gards stature, and seedlings which are more or less dwarf have 

 undoubtedlj' been referred to the class which they most closely 

 resembled. All who have observed the height reached by seed- 

 ling apples will have seen that they vary exceedingly. Some 

 plants grow slowlj^ and remain small; others start off from the 

 beginning and make a clean rapid growth. As all such seedlings 

 are generally the offspring of vigorous sorts, it is rather surpris- 

 ing that some should remain as small as they do. If the seed of 

 smaller varieties were to be planted, undoubtedly still more 

 dwarf forms would appear, and eventually the small French 

 Paradise stock might be reproduced. 



The power of producing offset* and stolons, which has been 

 emphasized by some of the writers mentioned above, need not 

 necessarily be considered as an essential character of the dwarf 

 forms at ]U'esent grown. Local conditions probably exert consid- 

 erable influence upon this habit, for we have a plant of the so- 

 called Paradise apple which has been growing upon the station 



^ Traits des Arbres Fmitiers, 1768, I. 273. 



